Memorandum:

Preparation of NAGPRA Inventories

April 27, 1995

W48(436)

Memorandum

To: Federal Agency, Museum, and Indian Tribe and Native Hawaiian
Organization Officials

Through: Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks

From: Director

Subject: Examples of Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation
Act (NAGPRA) Inventory

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (25 U.S.C.
3001-3013) requires Federal agencies and museums that receive Federal
funds to complete inventories of Native American human remains and
associated funerary objects in their collections by November 16, 1995.
The statute requires that inventories be completed in consultation with
culturally affiliated Indian tribes, Alaska Native villages and
corporations, and Native Hawaiian organizations.

The following documents (Attachments 1 and 2) present generic examples
which can be used as guidelines for preparation of inventories. These
sample inventories have been developed in consultation with the NAGPRA
Review Committee. Inventory format and the types of information
included should be tailored to the specific circumstances in each case.
This format is for use by all museums and Federal agencies that must
comply with NAGPRA.

Each inventory should include those Native American human remains and
associated funerary objects that are or are likely to be culturally
affiliated with a particular Indian tribe, Alaskan Native village or
corporation, or Native Hawaiian organization (referred to as THE TRIBE
in the attached sample inventory). Prior to completion of the inventory,
the museum/Federal agency must consult with that Indian tribe or tribes
regarding the identification and cultural affiliation of the human
remains and associated funerary objects.

A separate inventory of culturally unidentifiable human remains (for
which cultural affiliation can not be reasonably determined) shall be
submitted to the Departmental Consulting Archeologist for distribution
to the Review Committee. The Committee is charged with making
recommendations regarding the disposition of culturally unidentifiable
human remains.

All inventories--whether of human remains and associated funerary
objects culturally affiliated with a particular Indian tribe or of
culturally unidentifiable human remains--must be completed by November
16, 1995 to comply with the statute. Inventories shall be sent to
culturally affiliated Indian tribes, Alaskan Native villages and
corporations, and Native Hawaiian organizations within 6 months of
completion, or by May 16, 1996, whichever comes first.

Copies of all inventories also shall be sent to the Departmental
Consulting Archeologist (DCA). Inventories should be submitted in hard
copy and, if possible, in an electronic format with accompanying
documentation adequate for the DCA office to access the data
electronically. Inventories can be submitted in any one of the
following formats: 1) ascii text; 2) xBASE files (with the database
application identified) accompanied by a copy of the data dictionary; or
3) wordprocessing (with the wordprocessing software identified). The
submission should have internally consistent formats and, if possible,
this same format should be used across the institution. For information
on other types of formats and media, contact Dr. Veletta Canouts at the
Archeological Assistance Division at (202) 343-4101 or e-mail at
Veletta_Canouts@nps.gov.

This document has been developed by Dr. Francis P. McManamon,
Departmental Consulting Archeologist, and Dr. C. Timothy McKeown, NAGPRA
Program Leader, of the Archeological Assistance Division. Questions
regarding implementation of this procedure should be directed to Ms.
Mandy Murphy or Ms. Jean Kelley of the Archeological Assistance Division
at (202) 343-4101 or via e-mail to Mandy_Murphy@nps.gov or
Jean_Kelley@nps.gov.

SAMPLE INVENTORY
of Native American Human Remains and Associated Funerary Objects
in the Possession or Control of THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY
and Culturally Affiliated with THE TRIBE

The purpose of this inventory is to facilitate implementation of section
5 of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act by
providing clear descriptions of those human remains and associated
funerary objects currently in the possession or control of THE
MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY that are reasonably believed to be culturally
affiliated with THE TRIBE.

The determination of the cultural affiliation of the human remains and
associated funerary objects listed below has been based upon
geographical, kinship, biological, archeological, linguistic, folklore,
oral tradition, historic evidence, or other information or expert
opinion. Primary information sources include a review of our accession
and catalogue records conducted during 199x, and consultation with
lineal descendants, Indian tribe officials, and traditional religious
leaders on the following dates:

February x, 199x: Preliminary meeting at THE TRIBE's headquarters
to discuss the nature of THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY's collections
and ways in which to facilitate the consultation process.
Participants included THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY director Albert
Andrews and the following representatives of THE TRIBE: Belinda
Baker (chair); Charles Campbell (designated NAGPRA contact); and
Debbie Dawn (traditional religious leader).

July x-xx, 199x: Meeting at THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY'S repository
to review the collection. Participants included director Albert
Andrews, THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY's chief curator Edward Evans;
Tribal NAGPRA contact Charles Campbell and traditional religious
leader Debbie Dawn.

October x, 199x: Meeting at THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY's repository
to finalize determinations of cultural affiliation. Participants
included chief curator Edward Evans and Tribal NAGPRA contact
Charles Campbell.

In addition, consultation was carried out via telephone and fax between
chief curator Edward Evans and Tribal NAGPRA contact Charles Campbell
throughout the process.

The following documentation has been included for each set of remains
and funerary object in the inventory:

(1) Accession and catalogue entries, including the
accession/catalogue entries of human remains with which each
funerary object is associated;

(2) A description of each set of human remains or associated
funerary objects, including dimensions, materials, and
photographic documentation, if appropriate, and the antiquity
of such human remains or associated funerary objects, if
known;

(3) The geographical location from which each object was
excavated, removed, or collected, i.e., name or number of
site, county, State, and Federal agency administrative unit,
if known (the most specific provenience information should be
provided);

(4) Information related to the acquisition of each set of remains
or known object, including:

(i) the name of the person or organization from whom the
object was obtained, if known;
(ii) the date of acquisition;
(iii) the means of acquisition, i.e., gift, purchase,
excavation, etc.;

(5) A summary of any results of consultation with representatives
of the culturally affiliated Indian tribes, Alaska Native
villages and corporations, and Native Hawaiian organizations,
related specifically to the remains or object;

(6) A summary of the evidence used to determine the cultural
affiliation of the human remains or associated funerary
object, including references to published material, if
appropriate.

(7) The name of the culturally affiliated Indian tribe (NOTE: Must
be recognized as eligible for the special programs and
services provided by the United States to Indians because of
their status as Indians).

This inventory includes all human remains and associated funerary
objects that are identified as being culturally affiliated with THE
TRIBE.

_________________________________________________________________

Item: Human remains
Accession #: 1932.12
Catalogue #: AB123
Description: Nearly complete skeleton, Native American,
Male, Age 35-60, Fractured left femur
Geographical Location : Geary County, OK
Collection History: Reportedly collected in the Oklahoma
Territory by Frank Fox in the late 1880's.
Mr. Fox reportedly identified the remains
as being Chief Baker. Donated to THE
MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY in 1932.
Consultation: Belinda Baker, current tribal chair and a
lineal descendant of Chief Baker,
indicates that THE TRIBE's oral history
discusses how Chief Baker broke his left
leg in the mid 1860s.
Basis of Determination: Biological evidence of fractured left
femur is consistent with oral historic
evidence and donor's attribution.
Geographical affiliation is consistent
with the historically documented territory
of THE TRIBE. Belinda Baker has declined
to make a claim for these human remains as
a lineal descendant.
Cultural Affiliation: THE TRIBE

________________________________________________________________

Item: Human remains
Accession #: 1980.12.1-15
Catalogue #: AB456
Description: 4 skulls, 3 mandibles, 1 femur, 3 tibia, 4
ribs At least 4 individuals, Native
American, 3 male, 1 sex unknown. All
between 18-45
Geographical Location: Geary County, OK
Collection History: Excavated by THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY
staff, with permission of the private land
owner, at the Hill Site (QR1234), Geary
County, OK, in 1980. Currently on loan to
Professor Ice at Juliette State
University.
Consultation: THE TRIBE's NAGPRA contact Charles
Campbell identified the Hill Site as part
of THE TRIBE's traditional occupation
area.
Basis of Determination: No lineal descendant has been identified.
Geographic affiliation is consistent with
the historically documented territory of
THE TRIBE. Associated funerary objects
YZ123 consistent with 1750-1830 period
when site area was occupied by THE TRIBE.
Cultural Affiliation: THE TRIBE

_________________________________________________________________

Item: Associated funerary object
Accession #: 1980.34
Catalogue #: YZ123
Description: Whole "Hill Polychrome" bowl
Geographical Location: Geary County, OK
Collection History: Excavated by THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY
staff at the Hill Site (QR1234), Geary
County, in 1980.
Consultation: The shape and geometric pattern on the
bowl was identified by THE TRIBE's NAGPRA
contact Charles Campbell as being
ancestral to vessels currently made THE
TRIBE. Similar vessels are identified in
"Ceramic Traditions of THE TRIBE" by
Kimberly Kohn (1993) as coming from 17th
and 18th century contexts, an attribution
that is consistent with the 1750-1830
period when Geary County was occupied by
THE TRIBE.
Basis of Determination: No lineal descendant has been identified.
Style of the bowl is consistent with 1750-
1830 period when area was occupied by THE
TRIBE. Found with human remains
catalogued as AB456.
Cultural Affiliation: THE TRIBE

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Item: Associated funerary object
Accession #: 1970.90
Catalogue #: YZ8901
Description: Ceramic vessel 4" diam. x 4" deep incised
rim design
Geographical Location: Libby County, OH
Collection History: Obtained from unidentified donor in 1970.
Collection in Libby County, OH.
Consultation: Identified as a funerary urn by Charles
Campbell, THE TRIBE's NAGPRA contact, and
Debbie Evans, THE TRIBE's traditional
religious leader. Mr. Campbell identified
Libby County as part of THE TRIBE's
traditional occupation area prior to 1750.
Basis of Determination: No lineal descendant has been identified.
Similar vessels are identified in
"Funerary Urns among THE TRIBE" by
Kimberly Kohn (1989) as being consistent
with those made by THE TRIBE exclusively
for burial purposed prior to 1750.
Cultural Affiliation: THE TRIBE.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Item: Human remains
Accession #: 1985.45
Catalogue #: AB789
Description: Nearly complete skeleton, Native American,
Female, 18-45
Geographical Location: Geary County, OK
Collection History: Excavated by THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY
staff at the Mill Site (QR5678), Nancy
National Monument, Geary County, in 1985.
Inventoried under agreement with the
National Park Service.
Consultation: THE TRIBE's NAGPRA contact Charles
Campbell identified Mill Site as being
located in THE TRIBE's traditional area.
Basis of Determination: Archeologist Kimberly Kohn dates the Mill
Site to the 1750-1830 period. No lineal
descendant has been identified. Geographic
affiliation is consistent with the
historically documented territory of THE
TRIBE. Archeological evidence is
consistent with documented use of the area
by THE TRIBE.
Cultural Affiliation: THE TRIBE
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Item: Human remains
Accession #: 1960.34.1-63
Catalogue #: AB012
Description: Nearly complete skeleton, Native American,
Male, over 65
Geographical Location: Oklahoma Territory
Collection History: Donated to THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY by a
private collector in 1960. Attributed to
"Oklahoma Territory." Items found with the
remains were retained by the donor.
Consultation: THE TRIBE's NAGPRA contact Charles
Campbell identifies THE TRIBE's
traditional area as being within the
"Oklahoma Territory" geographic location.
The NAGPRA contacts for TRIBE-2, TRIBE-3,
and TRIBE-4, have also indicated their
interest for these remains.
Basis of Determination: No lineal descendant has been identified.
The donor identified the associated
funerary object (which he retained) as
representing the historic period when THE
TRIBE, TRIBE-2, TRIBE-3, and TRIBE-4 were
known to occupy the Oklahoma Territory
geographic area.
Cultural Affiliation: THE TRIBE and TRIBE-2, TRIBE-3, and TRIBE-
4 (NOTE: a copy of this inventory has been
provided to representatives of TRIBE-2,
TRIBE-3, and TRIBE-4).


SAMPLE INVENTORY
of Native American Human Remains and Associated Funerary Objects
in the Possession or Control of THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY
that are considered to be CULTURALLY UNIDENTIFIABLE

The purpose of this inventory is to facilitate implementation of section
8 (c)(5) of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
by providing clear descriptions of those human remains and associated
funerary objects currently in the possession or control of THE
MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY that are considered to be culturally
unidentifiable.

The determination of the cultural affiliation of the human remains and
associated funerary objects listed below has been based upon
geographical, kinship, biological, archeological, linguistic, folklore,
oral tradition, historic evidence, or other information or expert
opinion. Primary information sources includes a review of our accession
and catalogue records conducted during 199x.

The following documentation has been included for each set of remains in
the inventory:

(1) Accession and catalogue entries;

(2) A description of each set of human remains, including
dimensions, materials, and photographic documentation, if
appropriate, and the antiquity of such human remains, if known;

(3) The geographical location from which each set of remains was
excavated, removed, or collected, i.e., name or number of site,
county, State, and Federal agency administrative unit, if known;
the most specific provenience information should be provided;

(4) Information related to the acquisition of each set of remains,
including:

(i) The name of the person or organization from whom the remains
were obtained, if known;
(ii) The date of acquisition;
(iii) The means of acquisition, i.e., gift, purchase, excavation,
etc.;

(5) A summary of any results of consultation with representatives of
the culturally affiliated Indian tribes, Alaska Native villages
and corporations, and Native Hawaiian organizations, related
specifically to the remains, if applicable;

(6) A summary of the evidence used to determine the cultural
affiliation of the human remains and associated funerary
objects, including references to published material, if
applicable.

The following inventory entry lists Native American human remains for
which THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY cannot establish cultural affiliation or
for which cultural affiliation can be established with an Indian tribe
or Alaskan Native village which is not currently recognized by the
Federal Government.

_________________________________________________________________

Item: Human remains
Accession #: 1930.12
Catalogue #: AB901
Description: Cranium, Native American (Shovel-shaped
incisors)
Geographical Location: Unknown
Collection History: Accession records are missing
Consultation: None conducted
Cultural Affiliation: Culturally Unidentifiable

_________________________________________________________________

Item: Human remains
Accession #: 1980.34
Catalogue #: AB234
Description: Nearly complete skeleton, Native American,
Female, Age 19-35
Geographical Location: Quarry County, Florida
Collection History: Excavated by THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY
staff at the Ridge Site (OP123), Quarry
County, in 1980. Found associated with
Second Phase projectile points believed to
date between 5000-8000BP. Carbon samples
from an associated hearth yielded a date
of 7490BP +/- 400.
Consultation: None conducted
Cultural Affiliation: Culturally Unidentifiable
_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Item: Human remains
Accession #: 1947.14
Catalogue #: AB123
Description: Nearly complete skeleton, Native American,
Female, Age 10-12
Geographical Location: Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Collection History: Excavated by THE MUSEUM/FEDERAL AGENCY
staff at the Titicut Site, Plymouth
County, Massachusetts, in 1947.
Consultation: Associated funerary objects help date the
burial to the Contact Period (1500-1650).
Chuck Greene, NAGPRA contact for the
Mashpee Wampanoag Indian Tribe (not
federally recognized) identifies the
Titicut Site as one of the Mashpee
Wampanoag's traditional settlements.
Basis of Determination: Geographical affiliation is consistent
with the historically documented territory
of the Mashpee Wampanoag Indian Tribe, a
non-federally recognized tribe.
Collection history and consultation
confirms cultural affiliation with the
Mashpee Wampanoag Indian Tribe.
Cultural Affiliation: Culturally Unidentifiable. (Mashpee
Wampanoag)