Source

Name/ Party

Type

Date

Payment

Servants

Slaves

Details

Folder 6, 1689, #24

Petition to Francis Howard, Lord Effingham by Chickahominy Indians, et al.

Petition

1689

The Chickahominy Indians and various other tribes asked Lord Effingham for protection against other Indian tribes.

Source

Name/ Party

Type

Date

Payment

Servants

Slaves

Details

Folder 3, 1681-1683, #17

Cornelius Dabney

Petition

16 9br. 1682

Payment

Cornelius Dabney petitioned the Council regarding payment for his services as an interpreter for the Queen of Pamunkey. Stated that the Assemblies at Middle Plantation had promised to pay him 2,800 lbs. of tobo. w/o caske while the other Assembly at James City also had promised to pay him 1,680 lbs. tobo. w/ caske and 10,000 lbs. tobo. w/o caske. Again supposed to be paid 4,000 lbs. tobo. as allowance per annum... 10,960 lbs. of tobo. is now due to him.

Folder 3,

1681-1683, #15

Moses Davis

Petition

7 Dec.1682

Compensation

Provided meat to Mattaponi Garrison; wants payment from House of Burgesses.

Folder 9, 1691, 1692, #28

Interpreter

Document

April 1692

Notification

To notify Indians of possible alarm.

P.R.O.

C.O. 5/1312, Pt. 1, folios 318-319

Betty [Ann], Queen of Pamunkey, et al.

Petition

22 May 1701

Land

Betty [Ann], Queen of Pamunkey and her men requested of Gov. Nicholson that their lands be confirmed and a patent be given.

Folder 14, 1701, #7

Council

Order

23 Aug. 1701

Committee

An order by the Council for a joint committee with the Burgesses to discuss the "Indian problem." The Pamunkey Indians are "praying" for a patent.

Folder 14,

1701, 1702, #30

Governor & Council

Document

22 May 1702

Need for arms and ammunition for the militia against the "enemy."

Folder 16, 1706, #27

The "Queen and Great Men" of the Pamunkey Tribe

Petition

1706

Land

Ann, the Queen of Pamunkey and her great men signed their petition to the Lt. Governor, asking for a patent to their lands.

Folder 20, 1709, #29-30

Robin, Indian and President & Council

Petition

27 Oct. 1709

To stay among the English

Robin, a Pamunkey Indian, requested that he be allowed to stay among the English to practice his trade of shoemaking. He does not wish to return to the Pamunkey village because he does not want to be "barbaric," etc. The Council ordered that Robin be permitted to remain among the colonists.

Folder 22, 1710, #18

Ann and men of the Pamunkey

Petition

1710

As much as they wanted to pay their usual annual tribute, Ann and the men of Pamunkey petitioned in this badly faded document for relief from their annual tribute because of great want and famine. Families are either forced to scatter and live among the English or risk withered and disabled bodies from starvation. [Note: Although this document is dated outside the time frame, the document shows its very importance.]

Folder 8, 1691, #14

Tho. Busby,

interpreter

Petition

May 1691

List of expenses

Public interpreter to Southern Indians in 1677, Middle Plantation.

Source

Name/ Party

Type

Date

Payment/
Action

Servants

Slaves

Details

Folder 8, 1691, #14

Thomas Busby

Petition

May 1691

List of expenses

Public Interpreter to Southern Indians in 1677, Middle Plantation.

Source

Name/ Party

Type

Date

Payment/
Action

Servants

Slaves

Details

Brown
1964: 392
[Vol. 2587, folio 88]

Don Alonso de Velasco to Philip III, King of Spain

Letter

14 June 1610

Hardships of Colony

The ship, Swallow, reported that the "Indians hold the English surrounded in the strong place which they had erected there, having killed the larger part of them." The others were left so completely w/o provisions that they believed it was impossible to escape since the survivors ate the dead." And "they also ate one native (died by fighting) by digging him up two days after burial." Almost all those came in this ship "had died from eating dogs, cat skins and other vile stuff " and the Indians had killed swine brought to Virginia. Unless given provisions soon, all of them will perish.

Brown
1964: 519-521
[Vol. 2588, folio 82 (enclosed in folio 81)]

Duke of Lerma to Secretary Antonio de Arostegui

Document

Enclosed w/ a letter dated 13 Nov. 1611

Defense

Four earthworks: first one is at the mouth of the river w/ stockades, posts, 7 pieces of artillery, 2 of 35 quintales & 30, 20 & 18 (all of iron), & 50 men, women and boys. Second one is 2/3 of a league from the first one while the third a musket shot — both have pieces of artillery for defense against the Indians. The fourth/main settlement is 20 leagues up the river from the first fort, w/ 16 pieces of artillery of __ iron and palisades like the others. There are no interaction w/ the Indians due to times of war & peace. Indians are dressed in deerskins, use bows & arrows and cultivate only maise & nuts. However, they do not bring metals like gold & silver.

Thomson
1965:209
#144

John Chamberlain

Letter

9 July 1612

Bad news from Virginia

Two or three ships have arrived from Virginia, but their news bring only "discomfort," and "that Sir Thomas Gates and Sir Thomas Dale are quite out of heart."

Brown 1964:572
[Vol. 2589, folio 61]

Marquess of Flores to Philip III, King of Spain

Letter

1 Aug. 1612

Marriages

Reported by a source that "some of the people who have gone there, think now some of them should marry the women of the savages of that country; and he tells me that there are already 40 or 50 thus married." Also reported that the other Englishmen, after being put among them, have become savages themselves while the women, whom they took out, also have gone among the savages where they have been received & treated well. A minister who admonished them was "seriously wounded in many places" because "he reprehended them."

Brown
1964: 632-633
[Vol. 2572, folio 10]

Don Pedro de Cunega to Philip III, King of Spain

Letter

22 7br 1612

Marriages

A person (of good credit) reported that "they treate and have a determination to marrie some of ye People that goe thether with the Virginians... fortie or fiftie are already married there." And other English intermingled w/them & women "sent over to live among the Virginians are received & used kindly by them." They wounded a minister after he reprehended them.

Brown
1964: 633-634
[Vol. 2590, folio 66]

Don Alonso de Velasco to Philip III, King of Spain

Letter

30 May 1613

Hardships of Colony

No news from Virginia for several months; great fears are now entertained that the people there may have died from hunger since the Indians were "holding them in such strict confinement that they could not leave their forts without...great danger."

Brown
1964: 638
[Vol. 2590, folio 52]

Don Alonso de Velasco to Philip III, King of Spain

Letter

12 July 1613

Hardships of Colony

No news from Virginia for more than nine months. According to last reports, it is believed that the people must have perished, from disease and starvation; the country is subject... to diseases "while the Indians kept them so closely besieged that they could not come out" of the fort "to search for provisions."

Thomson 1965:210-211
#180

John Chamberlain

Letter

1 Aug. 1613

Pocahontas' kidnapping & ransom

"They have taken a daughter of a king that was their greatest enemy, as she was going afeasting upon a river to visit certain friends, for whose ransom the father offers whatsoever is in his power, and to become their friend, and to bring them where they shall meet with gold mines. They propound unto him three conditions: to deliver all the English fugitives, to render all manner of arms or weapons of theirs that are come to his hands, and to give them 300 quarters of corne. The first two he performed readily, and promiseth the other at their harvest, if his daughter may be well used in the meantime."

Brown
1964: 659-661
[Vol. 2590, folios 118, 119]

Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuña to H.M.

Letter

5 Oct. 1613

Defense & hardships of Colony

Report about five fortifications, named Fort James, Fort Henry (after the prince who died), Fort Charles, Point Comfort and Fort Henry — all surrounded by earth works w/ artillery. Approximately 300 men are there & have nothing to eat other than bread of maize w/ fish and water to drink, contrary to the nature of the English. The Savages & other natives are in "bad relations" with the English, who cannot leave their fort w/o risking their lives; and if the General does go hunting, he takes a guard to protect his person.

MacLean 1860:36

Lord George Carew to Sir Thomas Roe

Letter

June 1616

Pocahontas & John Rolfe and other Indians

Sir Thomas Dale has returned from Virginia, taking with him "divers men and women of that countrye to be educated here" and "one Rolfe, who maried a daughter of Pohetan (the barbarous prince) called Pocahuntus, hathe brought his wife with him into England." The worst of that plantation is now past- there are now good victuals through their industry.

Brown
1964: 789

John Chamberlain to Mrs. Alice Carleton

Letter

22 June 1616

Pocahontas & John Rolfe and other Indians

Sir Thomas Dale brought "some ten or twelve old and younge of that Countrie, among whom the most remarkquable person is Pocahuntas (daughter to Powatan a Kinge or cacique of that Countrie) married to one Rolfe an Englishman."

Thomson 1965:215
#257

John Chamberlain

Letter

18 Jan. 1617

Pocahontas' pending return

"The Virginian woman Pocahuntas, with her father-counsellor, hath been with the King and graciously used, and both she and her assistant well placed at the masque. She is on her return, though sore against her will, if the wind would come about to send them away."

Thomson 1965:216
#259

John Chamberlain

Letter

22 Feb. 1617

Portrait of Pocahontas

"Here is a fine picture of no fair Lady. And yet with her tricking up and high style and titles, you might think her and her worshipful husband to be somebody, if you do not know that the poor company of Virginia, out of their poverty, are fain to allow her four pound a week for her maintenance."

Thomson
1965:216
#262

John Chamberlain

Letter

29 March 1617

Death of Pocahontas

"The Virginian woman whose picture I sent you died this last week at Gravesend as she was returning homeward."

Thomson
1965:225
#411

John Chamberlain

Letter

13 July 1622

1622 Massacre

More news from Virginia: "...ill news that the savages have by surprise slain about 350 of our people there one and other. It was by their own supine negligence, that lived as careless and securely there as if they had been in England, in scattered and straggling houses far asunder, whereby they were so easily subject to the surprise of those naked people, who besides other spoil and booty have possessed themselves of arms and weapons; but the best is they have no skill to use them. Among them that are lost is one Captain Barclay and Captain Thorpe, whme I was well acquainted withal and had been a pensioner." The letter also mentioned that the "disgrace and shame is as much as the loss, for no other nation would have been so grossly overtaken."

VMHB
1899:236-237

Francis Wyatt et al. to the Earl of Southampton

Letter

3 April 1623
James City

English captives & 1622 massacre

Twenty captives from the 1622 massacre at Martin's Hundred held by Opechancanough who wishes peace and ability to plant corn on their own lands at Pamunkey. The English put Comoham, an "actor" in the massacre who was not sent by the Great King, was put in chains as leverage. The English to send home their people and they would return "Mrs. Boys (the chief of the prisoners), appareled like one of their Queens." The rest came not because of threatening speeches according to Robert Poole, interpreter. Terms of negotiation given.

Ferrar Papers
1622-1627: Reel 3: #556

Sir Francis Wyatt & Council

Letter

_ Sept. 1624

Lengthy description of the difficulties in connection with the false rumor of "poisoning" the Indians, due to malice by some parties. Also discussion of its connection to the 1622 massacre.

Mass. Historical Society 1871:11, 95, 98-99, 107-108, 110-113

Capt. Thomas Yong

Letter

13 July 1634 James Towne Cittie

Trade for corn & Interpreter

Capt. Thomas Yong described in his long letter what he observed and heard in Virginia. There was a new fort at the mouth of the James and a "great trade for Indian Corne" between the settlers and the Indians. Captain Mathews is an interpreter and ancient planter. The country is abundant w/ milk, cheese, butter & corne. After the early Starving Time in the history of the colony, the colony now can spare 10,000 bu. of corn to New England for relief. The Palisade is nearly 6 miles long but males above age 14 are destitute regarding all manner of arms and ammunition. Rumors of war are circulating about the Indians "gathering heade" to take advantage to "fall on them."

Mass. Historical Society
1871: 131, 143, 145, 150-151

Mr. Kemp Secretary & The Lords Commissioners

Letter

17 May 1635

Fury of the people

Described Francis Potts' presentation- others feared that the "Gouvernour would bring a second massacre among them." Captain Mathews told the Governor that "the peoples fury is vp against you and to appease it is beyond our power, vnless you please to go for england, there to answer theyr Complaint."

Mass. Historical Society
1871: 131[note]

Captain Samuel Matthews & Sir John Wolstonholme

Letter

25 May 1635

Abuse of power & Indian troubles

Stated that the governor had usurped the power into his own hands; shut out every trade, including that of corn, by complying too far with the Marylanders, what w/ 2000 recent new arrivals into the colony; and that he "made a dangerous peace with the Indians." Contrary to the Council & country's advice, the governor took for his own use "the satisfaction made by the Indians" for the 500 hogs they had killed. If the Indians were to "offer any insult," the colonists would not be able to revenge themselves.

Source

Name/ Party

Type

Date

Payment/
Action

Servants

Slaves

Details

Thorndale 1997:187-188
[Also in Ferrar Papers 1622-1627, Reel 3: #569.]

Thomas Ward & John Jackson to N. Farrar

Letter

20 May 1625
Martins Hundred

Indian dangers

As surviving tenants of Martin's Hundred, they described their desperate conditions and dangers from the Indians. Milk from a cow, more servants, shoes costing less than 5 pounds and better arrangements for tobo. are needed. Mr. Harwood had taken 6 out of 7 pounds of their tobo. There is no powder or shot to "garde our lyves." One of them can only work the ground while the other served as a guard, "or ellse wee shall be in daunger to be killd of the Indyanse..." They have "worne out all our clothse and shertse" and cannot buy any, and now "will not in dure this kynd of liueing any longer. The letter was signed by "Your slause in Virgenyae."

Thorndale 1997:188-189
[Also in Ferrar Papers 1622-1627, Reel 3: # 569.]

Robert Adams to N. Farrar

Letter

6 June 1625
Martins Hundred

1622 Massacre & terror of Indians

Once lived at Harryhatocke. When the "fear bred by the bluddy masaker heare was blown over" in early 1623, he was ordered by the Governor to go to Martins Hundred to strengthen the settlement. He and his wife got there the same day a woman servant was killed by the Indians and he was "assaulted by them shott wth a bullet in the leg." His wife risked her own life getting to the armed Mr. Harwood at his storehouse in the plantation, but he refused to open the door "out of too much feare and neclect." Although the Indians were ultimately driven away, he was busy constructing a "pale or pallisadoe about my house" and described the need for powder. His letter also referred to the poor management of Mr. Harwood as well as Mr. Carles' neglect regarding the protection of the plantation and its operations.

Source

Name/ Party

Type

Date

Payment/
Action

Servants

Slaves

Details

Hotten
1983:190

List of the Dead

Enumeration

16 Feb. 1623

List of the dead at West & Sherlow Hhundred

"2 Indians, one Negar, and Christopher Harding, kild..."

Hotten
1983:192-3

List of the Dead

Enumeration

16 Feb. 1623

List of the dead At Martin's Hundred

John Pattison, ux Pattison and Edward Windor killed.

Hotten
1983:209

List of the Dead

Enumeration

1624

List of the dead at West & Sherley & Sherley Hundred

James Rolfe Liuetennt. Gibb's man, John Michaell and Francis, Capt. Madison's man} slaine by the Indians.

Hotten 1983:215

List of the Dead

Enumeration

1624

List of the dead at Chaplins Choise

Henery Wilson, Nicholas Sutton, Nicholas Baldwin were killed by the Indians.

Fleet, 1945A:10

Indian & Capt. Wm. Rothwell

Employment

17 Sept. 1655
Westover

10,000 lbs. tobo. bond

Allowed to employ Indian to kill wolves & do other service; they are to do no harm to the English & their estates.

Fleet 1945A:41

Indians & James Reyner

Payment for military service

25 June 1656
Westover

700 lbs. tobo to cure wound.

Reyner was wounded during late service agst. Indians. Thomas Culmer is to attempt a cure.

Fleet 1945A:46

Indian & Capt. David Peibils

Employment

25 June 1656
Westover

Permitted to retain & keep Indian according to law.

Fleet 1945A:47

Indians & King of Weynoke and Militia

Intelligence
& raising militia

25 July 1656 at Buckland

Militia

Strange northern Indians called Mastehocks have arrived to fight the Richohockans. Reports of a sudden invasion intended and the killing of hogs. In case of war, militia and arms to be raised immediately.

Fleet 1945A:49

Indian & John Dibdall

Keeping Indian

1 Sept. 1656
Westover

Allowed to keep this Indian according to law.

Fleet 1945A:58

Indian & John Banister

To have Indian

27 Oct. 1656 Westover

Service

To have Indian in his service.

Fleet 1945A:58

Indian & Capt. Daniel Llewellyn

To have Indian

27 Oct. 1656
Westover

Service

To have Indian in his service.

Fleet 1945A:58

Indians & Major Abra. Wood

To have Indians

27 Oct. 1656 Westover

Service

To have two Indians.

Fleet 1945A:58

Indian & Capt. Robert Wynne

To keep Indian

27 Oct. 1656 Westover

Service

To keep an Indian.

Fleet 1941A:14

Indian & John Pratt

Employment

20 March 1657 James City

Pratt ordered to employ an Indian under the hands of Mr. Drewe and Mr. Wyatt.

Fleet 1945A:79

"Comon Enemy"

Order

24 June 1657
Merchants Hope

Defense

Every company of this regiment to provide & prepare 10 men "victualld and armed" for offence and defense agst. the Common enemy & expeditions.

Fleet 1945A:82

Indian & George Potter

Employment

3 Aug. 1657 Merchants Hope

Permitted to employ an Indian according to law.

Fleet 1945A:87

Indian & Thomas Drewe

Employment

3 8br. 1657 Merchants Hope

Permitted to employ and keep an Indian.

Fleet 1941A:64

Indian & Capt. Edward Hill

Employment

3 Feb. 1659 Merchants Hope

Permitted to keep an Indian.

Fleet 1941A:43

Indian & John Howell

Employment

3 Aug. 1659 Westover

Allowed to employ Indian.

Fleet 1941A:43

Indian & John Drayton

Employment

3 Aug. 1659 Westover

Allowed to employ Indian.

Fleet 1941A:43

Indian & Richard Parker

Violation of
law

3 Aug. 1659
Westover

2,000 lbs. tobo. & costs.

Parker had given a gun to an Indian contrary to law. 1,000 lbs.. penalty to county commissioners. Also 1,000 lbs. of tobo. penalty to Lt. John Howell, informant, and costs of suit.

Fleet 1941A:46

Indian & John Holmwood

Employment

3 Aug. 1659 Westover

Permitted to employ an Indian according to law.

McIlwaine 1914:4

John Beauchamp & Indian boy

Petition

13 March 1659/60
James City

Indian boy

Beauchamp, merchant, wants to bring his Indian boy to England. If he can show consent of the Indian boy's parents to do so to the county court in Charles Cittie County, then his request shall be granted.

Fleet 1941A:97-99

Militia & Indians

Court

12 June 1661 James City

Defense.
Penalty for false rumors: 5,000 lbs. tobo. & 1 year imprison-ment

Unsettled militia/uncertainties of alarms and want of fixed arms caused fears and terrors among inhabitants along with rumors of Indians. Issued 8 points dealing with problem.

Fleet 1941B:5

Indians

License

14 Sept. 1661
Westover

Licenses to keep Indians revoked.

Fleet 1941B:48

Thomas Busby & Wm. Rollinson

Deed

4 March 1661/2 [sic]

Sale

Busby of Surry County sold an Indian boy, aged about 5, to Rollinson.

Fleet 1941B:40

Theodrick Bland Esqr. & Maj. Gen. Manwaring Hammond

Judgement

3 Feb. 1662 Westover

Estate

The service of an Indian girl sold to Hoe per contract under hands of Rees Hughes, agent for Hammond.

Fleet 1941B:42

John Monke, 35

Deposition

4 Feb. 1662/3 Westover

Witness

Elizabeth, an Indian woman

While at house of Capt. John Wall, he saw Elizabeth strike Mrs. Wall.

Fleet 1941B:42

Henry Tame, 30

Deposition

4 Feb. 1662/3 Westover

Witness

Elizabeth, Indian

At house of Capt. John Wall & family: Elizabeth was "so violent." She bit Mrs. Wall's breast and thrust her head into a red-hot oven ready for bread.

Fleet 1941B:43

Elizabeth, a Christian Indian

Verdict

4 Feb. 1662/3
Westover

More service

Elizabeth, Indian

Elizabeth has "violently and disobediently resisted and assaulted" her mistress, Mrs. Wall, with "blows and bitings." Additional service as per act provided for such cases for her "insolent resistance and opposicon." [Elizabeth is not "Elizabeth Christianna" as incorrectly cited in the book. The original record revealed the error.]

Fleet 1941B:51

Indian youth & Rice Hoe

Court

20 April 1663
Westover

Complaint

Indian complains of illegal detention by Hoe. To dwell with Mr. Theo: Bland 'till settlement.

Fleet 1941B:56

Thomas, Indian & Rice Hoe

Court

3 June 1663 Westover

Complaint

Case for illegal detention deferred to next court.

Fleet 1941B:62

Thomas, Indian & Rice Hoe

Court

3 Aug. 1663 Westover

Complaint

Served 3
years.

Hoe to provide Thomas two new canvas shirts & one pair of new canvas drawers; and pay all costs of suit.

Fleet
1941B:79

John Compton

Petition

3 Feb. 1663/4 Westover

Exempt from taxes & public services.

Due to great age, industry, and "great hurts losse of blood and the consequent debility"...occasioned "by his service in the last war with the Indians," Compton is to be free of taxes & services except for parish dues.

Fleet 1942:1

Indian & Thomas Tomlinson

Order

3 Aug. 1664 Westover

Bond re gun & Richard Pace, security, 1,000 lbs. tobo.

Tomlinson to keep gun taken from an Indian by him, and Pace to provide security. Also to produce gun if cause requires it.

Fleet 1942:17

Indians & Thomas Marston vs. George Harris

Court

9 Aug. 1664
Green Spring

Suit

Non-appearance in court due to late rumors of the Indians. Requested rehearing in next court.

Fleet 1942:57

Indian boy & Mary Bird, 23, servant

Deposition

10 Oct. 1665
court

Witness

Thomas Hooper, a Gerrard &
Indian boy

3 servants of Capt. Edw. Hill drove hogs of Mr. Llewellyn's out of the yard at Shirley Hundred. Dogs killed one barrow by the water-it was then dressed by the servants. They and other servants "did eate it."

Fleet 1942:55

Indians & soldiers

Service

10 Nov. 1665
Westover

Pay for 6 days work

Neighbors of soldiers to pay 6 days work for soldiers pressed or employed agst. Indians.

Fleet 1942:79

Indian & Wm. Irby

Order

Court orders 1672-1674

Security

To entertain an Indian.

Fleet 1942:79

Indian & John Sturdivant

Order

Court orders
1672-1674

Security

To entertain an Indian.

Fleet 1942:82

Thomas Hamlin vs. William Irby

Court

Court orders
1672-1674

Complaint

To appear on complaint of Wm. Irby about Indian.

Ayres 1968:11

Indian & Edward Richards

Court

13 Sept. 1677 Westover

Gun issue

Presented gun in court-pretends he took it from an Indian upon his land. To keep gun until further hearing from Govenor and Council.

Ayres 1968:47

Mr. William Randolph, John Lawrence & Tero, Indian

Judgement

14 Feb.1677/8
Westover

Witness

Reference to Lawrence's non-appearance as a witness in Randolph vs. Tero, an Indian.

Ayres 1968:57

Mr. Henry Batte

Register

3 June 1678
Westover

Two Indian children: George, aged 6 and Bess, aged 5.

Ayres 1968:69

Francis Leadbetter

Informant

15 Aug. 1678 Westover

Sale

Said Henry Newcomb bought 1 horse, 1 mare from the Indians- the latter exchanged with Peter Rowland. Newcomb ordered to appear in next court.

Ayres 1968:77

Henry Newsom

Register

3 Dec. 1678
Westover

Indian boy

Slave for life, aged 7.

Ayres 1968:93

John Smith

Informant

18 Feb. 1678/9
court

Verdict

Said Henry Burton & Ed. Gilley entertained & dealt with the Indians. Verdict: "Not guilty."

Ayres 1968:119

Mr. Henry Batt

Guardianship

3 Dec. 1679
Westover

Estate

Henry Odum, admr. of John Peterson (dec'd.) was removed & replaced by Batt who wants court to remove liability. Mill is the largest estate & subject to attacks by Indians and fire. Batt will only then accept adm. & guardianship of orphan.

Weisiger 1992:13-14

Joseph Bradley

Court

7 March 1687
court

Accidental killing of Indian. Bail to be first given-then given liberty.

Wants relief from strict confinement in prison; killing of Indian man was "accidentally done & no malice forethought."

Weisiger 1992:15

Solomon Crooke

Register

3 April 1688 Westover

Matt, Indian, aged 10.

Weisiger 1992:17

Owen Row

Claim

13 April 1688 Westover

An Indian

Indian slave of Wm. Harrison's.

Weisiger 1992:17

Clerk and James Blancks

Certificate

13 April 1688 Westover

Certificate

Blanks lost horse in journey agst. Indians last July.

Weisiger 1992:24

David Williamson

Register

3 Aug. 1688 Westover

Robin, Indian, aged 7.

Weisiger1992:28

Thomas Harnison

Register

3 Oct. 1688
Westover

Ned

Indian aged 8.

Weisiger 1992:33

Capt. Daniel Llewellyn

Payment

4 Oct. 1688
Westover

From Levy

Paid 133 lbs. for inquest on Mrs. Shipley's Indian.

Weisiger 1992:45

Zacheus Ellis vs. Francis Reeves

Suit

3 April 1689
Westover

Claims

2 men & Indian boy

Ellis claimed that Reeves owed him 85 days wages per Ellis' 2 men & 16 days wages per Ellis' Indian boy. Reeves' appeals to next court.

Weisiger 1992:53

James Denson

Register

5 Aug. 1689
Westover

Jenny

Indian aged 5.

Weisiger 1992:61

John Mattux

Register

3 Oct. 1689
Westover

Besse

Indian aged 6.

Weisiger 1992:69

Roger, Indian &
Richard Bradford

Runaway

3 Dec. 1689
Westover

To serve 1 mo. for 10s & more time per law.

Roger was absent 6 months. Master spent 10s on recovery.

Weisiger 1992:84

Ralph Jackson

Register

4 Aug. 1690 Westover

Jenny, Indian, aged 6.

Weisiger 1992:84

Joseph Pattison

Register

4 Aug. 1690 Westover

Jack

Indian aged 8.

Weisiger 1992: 85

John Williams

Petition

4 Aug. 1690
Westover

Case dismissed

Said his Indian woman is guilty of "sin of fornication" & wants "benefit of the law." Case is not w/in their law.

Weisiger 1992:101

John Royston

Insolvency

3 Feb. 1690 Westover

Tax

Jeffrey, Indian boy, is insolvent.

Weisiger 1992:95

John Evans

Register

8 Dec. 1690
Westover

Thomas Mayo, Indian, aged 14.

Weisiger 1992:107

Solomon Crooke

Register

3 Aug. 1691 Westover

Jacke

Indian aged 6.

Weisiger 1992: 107

Rineer Anderson, dec'd.

Court

3 Aug. 1691
Westover

Estate

Robert, Indian, aged 10.

Weisiger 1992:114

William Jones

Court

10 Nov. 1691 Westover

Summons

Jones, a trader in Appomattux, is summoned to show why he is not listed as a tithable.

Weisiger 1992:120

John Fontain

Register

3 Feb. 1691 Westover

Joan, Indian, aged 7.

Weisiger 1992:125

James Parham

Court

24 March 1691 Westover

Certificate

An Indian
woman

Certificate from Capt. Batt returned. Indian belongs to Wm Lux of Isle of Wight.

Weisiger 1992:201

Peter Perry

Document

9 Jan. 1692

Receipt

Acknowledged delivery of 4 "shotes" through Capt. Busby's Indian- 393 lbs. in all.

Weisiger 1992:128

James Howard

Register

3 June 1692 Westover

Jenny

Indian aged 6.

Weisiger 1992:128

John Evans

Register

3 June 1692 Westover

Doll

Indian aged 10.

Weisiger 1992:130

William Wilkins

Register

3 Aug. 1692
Westover

Indians named Hannah, aged 8; Jack, aged 12; and Ned, aged 10.

Weisiger 1992:131

Thomas Chapell

Register

3 Aug. 1692
Westover

Jack, Indian, aged 7.

Weisiger 1992:131

Mingo, Negro & Thomas Harnison

Court

3 Aug. 1692
Westover

Complaint. Mingo is not free.

Once belonged to James Blamore whose will states that 4 yrs. after his death, Mingo and an Indian boy "to be free if the law will admit." Otherwise Mingo goes to exors (Harnison). Court notes law barring Negroes their freedom.

Weisiger 1992:134

Benjamin Foster

Register

15 Sept. 1692 Westover

Robin, Indian, aged 5.

Weisiger 1992:137

Thomas Harnison

Register

3 Oct. 1692 Westover

Jenny, Indian, aged 11.

Weisiger 1992:148

John Parrish

Claim

16 Feb. 1692 [sic] Westover

Certificate

Certificate dated 10 May 1689 from Maj. Stith, for Hector, Indian, who was taken up 5 miles away from his master Samuel Eale.

Weisiger 1992:150

John Williams

Court

13 April 1693
Westover

Summons

Complaint of Indian woman belonging to Williams.

Weisiger 1992:155

Samuel Tatem

Register

5 June 1693 Westover

Mary, Indian, aged 7.

Weisiger 1992:156

James Jones

Register

3 Aug. 1693 Westover

Indians named as Sue, aged 7, and Sarah, aged 4.

Weisiger 1992:158

Franck, Indian & John Williams

Order

3 Aug. 1693 Westover

Ordered to pay Indian woman Franck accustomed corn & clothes, with costs.

Weisiger 1992:163

John Pybus

Register

4 Dec. 1693 Westover

Thom, Indian, aged 10.

Weisiger 1992:163

John Heath

Register

4 Dec. 1693 Westover

Jack, Indian, aged 7.

Weisiger 1992:169

Joseph Patison

Register

5 Feb. 1693 [sic] Westover

Tom, Indian, aged 4.

Weisiger 1992:174

___ Howard

Register

3 April 1694
Westover

Hannah, Indian, aged 5.

Weisiger 1992:176

Daniel Sturdevant

Register

4 June 1694
Westover

Peter, Indian, aged 5.

Weisiger 1992:176

Robert Hix

Register

4 June 1694
Westover

Jenny, Indian, aged 8.

Weisiger 1992:180

John Lewis

Register

3 Aug. 1694 Westover

Sarah, Indian, aged 12.

Weisiger 1992:180

Mathew Parham

Register

3 Aug. 1694 Westover

Dick, Indian, aged 7.

Weisiger 1992:180

John Winingham

Register

3 Aug. 1694 Westover

Jack, Indian, aged 7. Robin, Indian, aged 4.

Weisiger 1992:181

Thomas Thrower

Register

3 Aug. 1694 Westover

Will, Indian, aged 5.

Weisiger 1992:193

Richard Denis

Payment

9 Nov. 1694 court

From Levy

Paid 100 lbs. tobo. for his Indian.

Source

Name/ Party

Type

Date

Payment/
Action

Servants

Slaves

Details

List of the Dead

List of the Dead

Thomas Harris

Source

Name/ Party

Type

Date

Payment/
Action

Servants

Slaves

Details

Brown
1964: 115

East India Company

Court minute

4 Sept. 1607

£3, 5s

Beads & moth-eaten cloth sold to Gov. Sir Thomas Smythe...for the Virginia voyage.

Brown
1964: 178

Henry Percy, Earl of Northumber-land

Memorandum

1607-1608

3s

"For the rings and other pieces of copper given to the Virginia Prince 3s"

Gray
1937 (1609):
[between C3-D]

Robert Gray

Manuscript: "A Good Spede to Virginia"

28 April 1609

It is believed that "these Savages have no particular propertie in any part or parcell of that countrey, but only a generall residencie there, as wild beasts have in the forest..."

Strachey
1953 (1612):
Appendix A

William Strachey

Dictionary

1612

Indian Language

Published as "A Short Dictionary, added unto the former Discourses, of the Indian Language, used within the Chessiopioch Bay; more perticularly about the Tract and amongst the Inhabitantaunts of the first River, called by them Powhaton, and by us, the Kings River, whein as yet our Townes, and Fortes, ar seated. By which, such who shall by Imployed thether may know the readyer how to confer, and how to truck and Trade with the People."

Brown
1964:1005

John Smith of Nibley et al. to Sir George Yeardley & George Thorpe's Virginian Indian boy

Indenture & Patent

3 Feb. 1618/19

Patent

John Smith et al. to Gov. Yeardley, 18 Feb. 1619: "Since your departure, we have procured our patent for plantation in Virginia (a copy whereof we herewith send unto you, written by the Virginian boy of me..." [of George Thorpe's]...)"

Thorndale
1995:165, 169

Indians

Census

1619

"Indians in the service of seu[er]all planters."

Ferrar 1936:112-113

Nicholas Ferrar

Will

23 March 1619

Bequest

Will cites £300 for the education of ten "Infidel children in the college now being erected."

McIlwaine 1915:5

Court, seamen & Opochancano

Order

30 July 1619
James City

Complaints & trade

Complaint lodged agst. Capt. Martin for certain outrages which could endanger the Colony. Ensign Harrison affirmed to Thomas Davis of Paspaheighs, Gent. that he had been told under Martin's orders to take the shallop, that they would have made a "harde voiage," if they had not met w/ a canoe coming out of a creek. When the Indians refused to sell their corn, armed men entered their canoe and took the corn by force, measuring it w/ a basket they had into their shallop. They gave them "satisfaction" in "Copper, beades, and other trucking Stuffe." Opochancano made complaint to the Governor about this outrage. Concerned for the safety of the colony as well as the outrage being committed agst. the Indians, the Governor decreed that that Martin should have obtained "leave" to enter the bay to trade and ordered him to take "leave" and give good security to ensure that his men will not commit "no such outrage any more."

McIlwaine 1915:9

Court & Indians

Order

2 Aug. 1619 court

Act

The English shall not make injury or oppression agst. the Indians, thus disturbing the peace and potentially revive "antient quarrels." The Chiccohomini are "not to be excepted out of this Lawe" until further orders from England, or that they provoke us by some new injury.

McIlwaine 1915:10

Court

Order

2 Aug. 1619 court

Assimilation of Indians

Desirable that the "better disposed" Indians learn to converse w/ our people, live & labor among them and convert to Christianity. Indians who voluntarily come to well-peopled places to do service such as killing of deer, fishing, beating corn and other helpful work, then five or six of them can be admitted to each place and no more w/ the Governor's consent. Although "many proove good," a guard should be kept at night since they generally "are the most trecherous people" who quickly disappear when "they have done a villainy." It is also thought fit to provide them a separate house for them to lodge in by themselves. No lone inhabitant is to "entertaine them." Lastly, each town, city, borough or plantation shall take in Indian children to learn Christianity and "civile course of life." The most "towardly boyes in witt & graces of nature" are to be brought up "in the firste Elements of litterature" and thus be fitted for college intended for them.

McIlwaine 1915: 12

Court & Indians

Order

4 Aug. 1619 court

Trade

Every man is free to trade with the Indians but not servants. The offender shall risk whipping or payment "of an Angell" -one fourth each to the Provost Marshall, the discoverer, and "the other moyty" to the public use of the local incorporation.

McIlwaine 1915:13

Court & Indians

Order

4 Aug. 1619 court

Arms

No man is to give Indians any "piece shott, or poulder, or any other armes offensive or defensive." Otherwise, he will be considered a traitor to the Colony and be hanged w/ proof and no redemption.

McIlwaine 1915:13

Court & Indians

Order

4 Aug. 1619 court

Canines & hoes

No inhabitant shall give greater "howes" or any English dog of quality, such as "Mastive, Greyhound, Blood hounde land, or water Spaniel" or any other English dog to the Indians. Punishment is the forfeiture of 5 lbs. sterling for the public use in the local incorporation.

McIlwaine 1915:13

Court & Indians

Order

4 Aug. 1619 court

Indian towns

None of the English are to "purposely goe to any Indian townes, habitations, or places of resort," w/o leave from the Governor or commander of the person's area. Forty shillings towards the local incorporation is the penalty if this decrees is not followed.

McIlwaine 1915:13

Court & Indians

Order

4 Aug. 1619 court

Canoes

Anyone who takes boats, oares or "canoas" w/o leave of his neighbors shall be considered a felon. No one is to take away by violence or stealth any of the Indian canoes or other things. If he does, he shall pay "valuable restitution" to the Indians. He also shall forfeit, if a freeholder, 5 lbs. and if a servant, 40s, or be whipped. Furthermore, anything that is under the value of 13d will be labeled as "Petty larceny."

McIlwaine 1915:14

Court & Indians

Order

4 Aug. 1619 court

Trade in the Bay

No one is to trade in the Bay in any ship w/o license from the Governor and security that he or his company shall not "force or wrong" the Indians. Otherwise, they shall face censure upon their return from the Governor and Council of Estate.

McIlwaine 1915:14-15

Court, Capt. Henry Spelman, Robert Poole & Opochancano

Order

4 Aug. 1619 court

Complaint

Robert Poole, interpreter, vs. Henry Spelman: Spelman spoke "very unreverently & maliciously agst. the Governor" at Poole's meeting (& thus the Governor's honor, dignity, person and Colony be brought in contempt) and mischief by Indians thus might ensue. Spelman confessed to a few of the charges but denied the majority of the complaints. The only exception what that he had informed Opochancano that w/in a year, there will be a more powerful Gov. in a year, who shall replace this one. Since Opochancano and other Indians thus appeared to hold the Gov. in "much disesteem," the Colony may be in "danger of their Slippry designes." Instead of possibly putting Spelman to death according to a law, the General Assembly decided that Spelman was to be demoted from Captain and perform seven years service to the Indians as the Governor's interpreter.

The Antient Planters
1874 (1624):72

Court

Narrative

1623

Defense & Housing

Construction of two small forts was near the mouth of the river at Kicoughtun, with two bark-covered houses built by Indians as well as a few thatched cabins of the settlers. Other Indian houses that were not useful were burnt while twelve or fourteen Indians were killed. The surviving settlers consumed as much corn as they found growing "of their plantinge" and at harvest, reaped 150 bu. of corn. The corn, ordered by Lord La Ware, was sent to Jamestown.

The Antient Planters
1874 (1624):73

Court

Narrative

1623

Indian troubles

Men skilled at finding mines were killed by the Indians while eating meat and other victuals at the invitation of the Indians. As a result, some Indians were killed while their houses were burned as revenge.

McIlwaine 1915:33

Court

Narrative

1623

Defense

Only four pieces of ordinance were mounted for defense agst. the "Salvages." Soon after, the settlers were seated at Charles Hundred and Sir Thomas Dale went to the Pamonkey River to form either a friendship pact or to make war w/ them. While they saw Dale's intent was peace, they agreed out of fear rather than love. In spite of "great want and scarcity" in the settlement, they caught and executed those who mutinied and would have done harm.

McIlwaine 1915:33

Court

Narrative

1623

Defense & departure of Dale

Sir Thomas Dale impaled some necks of land for defense agst. the "Salvages" and for fishing for the settlers relief. He also made "spoile of the Keschiacks and Wariscoyacks" before his departure from Virginia. His successor was Capt. George Yardley who held the helm of government.

McIlwaine 1915:33

Court

Narrative

1623

At Christmas then following, the Indians of Chiquohomini complained of various abuses and derided our demands. They had agreed w/ Sir Thomas Dale to pay a yearly tribute-i.e., a bushel of corn for every bowman and in exchange, receive one piece of copper and one iron tomahawk. Each of the eight chiefs were to receive a suit of red cloth, "which clothes and truckinge stuffe" the English "esteemed of more worth then their corn." These abuses led Yardley to take a company of eighty-four men to revenge themselves "upoon those contemptous Indians." As a result, a "more firm league" was concluded and peace was possible for two years. Our people, including women & children, could move freely from town to town w/o arms and lodge in Indians' houses, where they were "every way kindly intreated and noe way molested."

McIlwaine 1915:36-37

Court

Narrative

1623

1622 Massacre

Indians had shown themselves "insatiable and covetous" while "we" were "punished for our greedy desires of present gaine and profit." On March 22, 1622, as we entertained them "friendly" in "our houses," they suddenly took opportunities and "fell upon us, killing and murdering very many of our people." Houses and plantations were destroyed while other accomplishments in the Colony were seriously damaged. "This deadly stroake being given to the great amazement and ruine of our State," and led the Governor & Council to act at top speed to take the rest of the Colony towards safety from further reprisals of the Indians. Survivors were then held at fewer strongholds but the resulting harvest was "slender." We had hoped for relief by trading w/ the more "remote" Indians but supplies had miscarried enroute from England. The Indians instead were "our most treacherus ennemies, cunninglye circumeventing and cruellie murderinge such as were employed abroade to gett relief from them," and led to "great want and scarcity." The Governor & Council and others have since conducted revenge on the Indians, started to restore the Colony and now hope to "clean drive" the Indians "from these partes."

McIlwaine 1915:37

Court

Inquiry

1623

Defense

Inquiries made by the Governor and Council: 1) what places are the best in terms of fortification or maintenance agst. the Indians or enemies by sea and 2) how the Colony now stands w/ respect to the "Savadges."

Hotten 1983:191

List of the Dead

Enumeration

16 Feb. 1623

At James Cittie

William Spence and Mrs. Spence "lost." [Note: They were in captivity.]

Hotten
1983:190

List of the Dead

Enumeration

16 Feb. 1623

List of the dead at the Neck of Land

"Thomas Fernley kid [killed]."

McIlwaine 1915:38

Court

Order

2 March 1623
court

Defense

The best solution for the Colony's defense is to run "a pale from Martins hundred to Chiskiacke wch is not above sixe miles" along with "planting" on both rivers, the Pamunkey river being more defensible. However, the relationship between the Colony and the Indians are "irreconciliable." The nimble-heeled Indians take advantage of the forests and carry out sudden ambushes and incursions. While none of the Englishmen have been killed since the massacre, they could not have a "safe range of the Countrye" for cattle, game, etc. and have to keep constant watch agst. the Indians. To achieve their security, there is a need for a "runninge armye continually a foote" which would prevent Indians from coming near them and enable them to put the arrivals here for the winter w/ a year's supply of cattle and provisions.

Neill
1869: 407-411

Court

Narrative

1623/4

Starving Time

Each man was permitted only 8 oz. of meal and half a pinte of pease for a day, although "mouldy, rotten, full of Cobwebs and Maggots." Starvation forced many to flee "for relief to the Savage Enemy, who being taken againe were putt to sundry deaths as by hanginge, shootinge and breakinge uppon the wheele & others were forced by famine to filch for their bellies."    "...many...being weery of life, digged holes in the earth and hidd themselves till they famished." Moreover, after consumption of Doggs, Catts, ratts, Snakes, Toad-stooles, horesehides and wtnott" and cannibalism, the "happyest day that euer some of them hoped to see," was "when the Indians had killed a mare..." The settlers wished, while the mare was being boiled, that Sir Tho:Smith was "uppon her back in the kettle."

McIlwaine 1979B:48

Court, Ensign Thomas Savage & Capt. William Eppes

Order

7 March 1624 court

200 lbs. Sterling per bond

Ensign Thomas Savage is to be an interpreter for the good of the plantation at Accomack under conditions set by Capt. William Eppes, or to enter into bond for 200 lbs. sterling & security to Eppes and not have any conference or familiarity w/ the Indians of those parts.

McIlwaine 1979B:8

Court & Capt. Epps

Order

7 March 1624 court

Trade

Anyone who trades w/ the Indians for corn above the Eastern Shore w/o special license from the Governor & Council shall be sent to "James Cyttie" by Capt. Epps for censure and seizure of the corn by measure. If there is any "extreeme" need of corn on that plantation, Epps will be removed like the example with Capt. Hamer.

McIlwaine, 1979B:28

Robert Poole, Gent., et al. and Apochankeno, Coos, Chacrow, Kissacomas (?), Morassane, Nemetenew and other Indians

Deposition

1 Nov. 1624 court

Witness to arms training

During the time of Sir. Thomas Dale, Poole first lived w/ Apochankeno who showed him certain trees where certain bullets had been shot by the Indians who had been personally taught w/ "a small peternell" by Capt. John Smith. Sir Thomas Dale also gave unto Kissacomas (?) a snaphance. The powder & shot was given to him through Poole and Kissacomas (?) often shot fowl & deer. After Sir Thomas Dale's term, an Indian named Coos was taught to shoot w/ a "peece" by John Powell, a servant of Capt. Webb per Webb's "appointment." Another Indian, Chacrow, living w/ Lieut. Skarse, Capt. William Powell and Capt. William Pierce, learned to shoot w/ a "peece." Under Sir Samuel Argall's government, the Indians had killed 6 Englishmen and carried to Pamunkey their pieces & shot where they were used by Morassane and Nemetenew. Poole further testified that Sir George Yardley sent him to "steel a wye the feathers of the locks of those peeces" so that they would be dysfunctional and end up being brought by Apochankeno to him for mending. However, once received, these pieces were kept. Yardley forbade one Indian, employed to shoot by William Pery, to have a piece and had it taken away. Furthermore, he never gave pieces to any Indian.

McIlwaine 1979B:28

Edward Grindon & Nanticos

Deposition

1 Nov. 1624 court

Witness to arms training

Nanticos, an Indian, was the first he knew to be taught to shoot a piece, but by whom he did not know. Another Indian, Coss, was taught to shoot w/ a piece by Capt. Webb at Kickatan during the time of Sir Thomas Dale. Grindon also knew that Shacrow, who lived w/ Lt. Skarse at Jamestown, did use & shoot a piece and so did Kiffacomas (?) who would come to Jamestown to obtain powder & shot during Dale's time as well. However, Grindon never remembered Yardley ever giving a piece to any Indian.

McIlwaine
1979B:36

John Fisher & Apochankeno

Order

13 Dec. 1624
court

Payment

Fisher is to be paid 90 lbs. tobo. For 5 weeks worth of work about Apochankeno's house.

McIlwaine 1979B:51

Thomas Pawlett, Gent., Symon Turgis,
Rise Hoe, William Bayley, & Indian

Deposition

4 April 1625
Court

Witnesses

Andrew Dudley

They were living at Sherly Hundred when servant Dudley was "slayne by the Indyans" on 18 March 1623 and had viewed his body after the "enymie was fowle vppon."

McIlwaine 1979B:80

Joseph Chard & ffrancis Michell

Deposition

12 Dec. 1625 court

1622 Massacre

Within three or four days after the massacre, Joseph Chard was in possession of the houses but was forced to leave w/ the others. The houses burned shortly afterwards by the "Indyans" and thus "ffrancis Michell" never possessed the houses.

McIlwaine 1979B:128

George Graves & Robert Lynsey

Deposition

8 Jan. 1626 James City

Inventory

Graves stated that the inventory in court is the true & perfect inventory of Robert Lynsey who was "last spring carried by ye Indians to Pamunky."

McIlwaine 1979B:128

John Jaxson & Robert Lynsey

Deposition

8 Jan. 1626 James City

Goods

Last April, he and Lynsey went from Martins Hundred w/ certain Indians to Pamunky. Jaxson allowed to go home but Lynsey was detained there and told Jaxson that whatever goods he had at home were to go to Sara Snowe, dau of Ellenor Graves if he never came back. Indians also would not let Lynsey give the key to his chest to Jaxson.

McIlwaine 1979B:129

Thomas Harris, Luke Boise, Capt. John Martin & Indians

Deposition

9 Jan. 1626 James City

Cow

Harris sworn that a cow, named "brooken leggs", was in the possession of Luke Boise and killed by the Indians at "Necke of Land." It was one of eight cows once owned by Capt. John Martin.

McIlwaine 1979B:36

Court

Plan

13 Jan. 1626 court

Defense

A sufficient party to be seated at Kiskyacke, to serve as a retreat in case of being overpowered by the "forreine enemy" and to "annoy ye Indians."

McIlwaine 1979B:138

Christopher Barker & Capt. Epes

Deposition

5 Feb. 1626
court

1622 Massacre

Servants

Capt. William Epes received the servants of Capt. John Ward and had nothing after the massacre other than "a bed & a rugg." The houses & goods in them were burned four days later.

McIlwaine 1979B:139

William Munn

Deposition

5 Feb. 1626
court

1622 Massacre

There were no tobacco crops reaped the year after the massacre, and only half an acre of corn was about the house.

McIlwaine 1979B:106

Assembly

Act

7-8 Aug. 1626 court

Defense

No man can go abroad for fowling, fishing or similar activities w/o a sufficient party of well-armed men. Nor can any man in the Colony go out to his "woorke & labor" w/o arms and a sentinel to watch over him.

McIlwaine 1979B:483

Court

Order

26 Aug. 1626 court

Proclamation

No one is to go abroad but in parties or work w/o a continual watch to be kept at night throughout the Colony. Also powder not to be spent during drinking events.

McIlwaine 1979B:111

William Claybourne

Proposition

4 Sept. 1626
court

Guides

Claybourne's proposal regarding the safe keeping of Indians he planned to use as guides who are "always ready to be ymployed," and other services is accepted. No other man can do the same-only Claybourne's "invention" will be tested presently w/ one Indian.

McIlwaine 1979B:116

Capt. William Epps & Weanoke
Indian

Court

10 Oct. 1626 court

Weanoke Indian & Bond 500 lbs. tobo.

A Weanoke Indian, taken at Sherly Hundred in the spring, has since been w/ Capt. Epps who shall bring the Indian from Eastern Shore to Jamestown for the Governor to be employed in any service. Permission granted to Epps to either take Indian w/ him to England next spring or deliver him up to the Governor.

McIlwaine 1979B:120

Assembly

Order

13 Oct. 1626
James City

Defense & Fine of 100 wt. tobo. or more.

All dwelling houses through the Colony is to be "palizadoed or paled about" against the Indians by 1st of May. Fines in tobo. if this is not carried out.

McIlwaine 1979B:147

Court

Plan

3 April 1627 court

Defense

From information shared by other Indians, our Indian enemies are planning to make "a general assault vppon of all the plantations this Spring." Reference to earlier proclamation to "palizadoing the houses." Men are to keep guard, keep sentinel on their workmen and watch at night. Fort gates must be fast and no man shall "stragle abroad" alone to prevent dangers.

McIlwaine 1979B:483

Court

Order

12 April 1627 court

Proclamation

Proclamation: To be careful of the Indians. The English have discovered their intentions to "go to warr next spring."

McIlwaine 1979B:151

Court

Plan

4 July 1627 James City

Attack

All parties from all plantations to go "vppon the Indians &
cutt downe their corne" on 1 Aug. Necke of Land & Colledge vs. Tanx Powhatans; Sherley Hundred, Jordaines Jurney, Chaplaines Choise & Perseys Hundred vs. towns of the Weianoacks and Appamatucks; James Citty vs. the Chicahominies & Tappahannaes; Warwicke-River, Warosquoiacke & Newport News vs. Warosquoyacks; and Elizabeth Citty vs. Nansamungs & Chesapeiacks.   [Various parties to be led under listed names of men.]

McIlwaine 1979B:151

Court

Plan

4 July 1627 James City

Attack

Lt. Peppet to go in ship Virgin into the Pamunky River and put Indians "in expectation of our comeing thither." And beginning in Oct. next, a number of men from all the plantations to go to Pamunkey or other parts to "take & spoile as much corne as they shall light on" and other forms of harm or damage to the Indians.

McIlwaine 1979B:153

Edward Albourne & John Throgmo[r]ton