According to Duell's computation there were twenty-nine missions and seventy-three visitas in Pimeria Alta and Sonora (Duell, 1919, 57.) Very few places had resident missionaries, however, Kino ministered at Dolores, Remedios, Cocospera, etc. Agustin de Campos was at San Ignacio de Caborica, having charge also of Santa Maria Magdalena and San Jose de Imuris.

Gifts of cattle were sent to Lower California.

Four new missionaries were sent to Pimeria Alta by the father provincial, Francisco de Arteaga. Father Juan de San Guebavi, San Cayetano de Tumacacori and San Luis Bacoancos. A house and church were erected at Guebavi, "small and neat". Foundations of larger structures were laid. Father Francisco Gonzalvo was stationed at San Francisco Xavier del Bac of the Sobaipuris. He died August 10, 1702, at San Ignacio. Father Ignacio de Yturmendi went to San Pedro and San Pable del Tubutama. Father Caspar de las Barillas was placed over the mission at La Concepcion del Caborca. Buildings were begun at all of the above places.

Father Geronimo Minutili was put in charge of San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama where the house was repaired and where gardens and orchards were planted.

Kino made a trip to Guaymas to give his encouragement to the new mission, thereby helping to strengthen the work in both California and Pimeria Alta. Gifts were later made by Kino to California in the form of cattle and supplies sent from Pimeria Alta via the new road to Guaymas.

From Caborca, Kino and Minutili went to the coast through the country of the Seris to that of Tepocas to win new converts. The island of Santa Inez (present Tiburon) was discovered. Kino later suggested that this island be used in developing communication with California.

Kino and Minutili made another journey to Caborca, stopping en route at Remedios and Cocospera where Kino looked after the planting of gardens and orchards, then at Magdalena, where a new church was being built, San Simon y San Judas, where there was a little new church, Busanic where work on a church was in progress, Santa Gertrudis del Saric, Tubutama, and San Antonio del Uquitos.

Churches were being constructed at Santa Maria Magdalena under Father Agustin de Campos, at San Ambrosio del Busanic, Santa Gertrudis del Saric, San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama, San Diego del Pitquin, Nuestra Senora de la Concepcion del Caborca, etc.

Made journey to Corodguachi (Fronteras) for supplies.

This chronology to 1711 is based on Herbert E. Bolton's Kino's Historical Memoir of Pimera Alta and the map which accompanies it. The index is so complete and so well worked up that a chronology (1687-1711) for every mission and missionary could be made from it alone. Bolton supplements Kino's work by reference to Mange's La Luz de Tierra Incognita and to varioius diaries and letters written by contemporaries.

"In the year 1720 new missionaries came to Conception de Caborca and Tubutama; and afterwards going to the rancherias of San Eduardo de Baipia, San Louis de Bacapa, and San Marcelo lying far north; they found a great defection among the Indians; the little churches built by Kino in ruins, and the cultivation of the fertile plaints...utterly neglected." (Venegas, 1759, II, P. 176)

Venegas goes on to make a list of missions and visitas as follows:

1. Dolores with two villages of visitation (Remedios and Cocospera)
2. San Ignacio with two villages of visitation (Imuris and Magdalena)
3. Tubutama with nine villages of visitation (Santa Teresa de Adid, San Antonio de Uquitoa, San Simon y Judas del Siboda, San Ambrosio Busanic, Tucubavia, San Estanislao del Octam, Santa Gertrudis del Saric, San Bernardo Aquimuri, Santa Barbara de Sonoita.)
4. Coborca with four villages (Pitquin, San Valentin, Bacpia, Bacapa.)
5. Suamca with several rancherias (San Lazaro and many places along the San Pedro River.)
6. Guebavi with Spanish farms and considerable number of Indians.
7. San Xavier del Bac had also a considerable number of Indians.

Ugarte arrived at mouth of Altar River where Gallardi met him. He proved California was a peninsula.

The Spanish Government was interested in the colonization and the Christianization of the northern frontiers but European wars had taken up all its attention. The decade beginning with 1730 was to see a change. New missionaries came in, the missions were re-established, and better military protection was provided for. With the discovery of silver and gold mines, Spanish colonies were established until quite a large Spanish population occupied northern Sonora for a time, settling at the mines, the new presidios, and establishing ranchos.

Father Jacob Sedelmair, the greatest of the Jesuits missionaries to work in Pimeria Alto after Kino, came to Tubutama which became the head mission until the explosion of the Jesuits in 1767.

The Seris Indian uprising to the west was put down by Juan Bautista de Anza, Sr. He then went in pursuit of Apaches to the northeast and lost his life.

The camp of San Felipe de Jesus, which had been moving about the protect the missions from Apache attacks, became fixed at Terrenate on the chief high road from the Apachena. (Shea, 1886, I, 531.)

Father Jose Torres was missionary at La Concepcion de Caborca. He and Sedelmair went to San Marcelo Sonoita to make a beginning of reviving the mission and ranch. (Ortega, 353.)

Father Keller of Suamca reported that he had baptised more than 2000 Indians and had a flock of 1000 brave and industrious Pimas who were tilling the soil and tending flocks and herds. (Shea, 1886, I, 530.)

After 1746, interest shifted from the problem of the reduction of the Moquis to the old dispute of whether or not California was a peninsula. Kino and Salvatierra had explored extensively and labored hard to prove that California was not an island but a peninsula. Many were not convinced, including Mange and Father Campos. In 1721 Father Juan de Ugarte had satisfied himself that California was a peninsula. Yet in 1736, Sedelmair found many geographers still calling California an island. The question was not settled in 1746, and Sedelmair was ordered to make an oerland trip to make the final proof, but Apache attacks called for the use of all the soldiers at home. In 1748, Father Fernando Consag explored the Gulf of California, and this, together with the overland journeys made by Sedelmair, 1747-1750, did much to convince geographers that Baja California was a peninsula. Consag reached the head of the gulf shortly before Sedelmair reached the same point, having come by the overland route. Father Link's land journey up the peninsula, in 1766, to the head of the gulf was the final step in Jesuit explorations. (Bolton and Marshall, 1920, 307.)

The interests of California and Pimeria Alta were closely intertwined during the whole mission period. "Sterile California needed overland communication with a mainland base," and it was to accomplish this, as well as to prove the peninsular theory, that the Jesuits conducted the greater part of their exploration activities. (Ibid, 307.)

Father Keller was still at Santa Maria Suamca, Father Jose Garrucho was at Guebavi. (Shea, 1886, I, 531.)

Sedelmair of Tubutama was Visitador Provincial of seven missions. Steiger was still at San Ignacio. Father Juan Nentvig was at the newly established mission at Saric. Francisco Paver was at San Xavier del Bac. Father Thomas Tello was installed at Caborca, where he was soon eagerly at work in conversions and explorations along the gulf. Father Michael Sola was at Basaraca. (Bancroft, opus. cit., I, 543.)

The Seris, being hard pressed, retired to the island of Tiburon. The Spanish soldiers pursued them but accomplished little.

Conditions seemed bright in Pimeria Alta. The missions were flourishing and there was hope of further discoveries to the north and west. (Mills, 1932, 72.)

The outlying missions to the west at Caborca and at Sonoita "experienced the main fury of the uprising." Both Father Tello at Caborca and Father Ruen at Sonoita suffered martyrdom and the churches were destroyed. (Ortega, 1754, 449-450.)

The revolt did not bring so much ruin and damage to the missions of the Santa Cruz Valley. Paver of San Xavier del Bac and Garrucho of Guebavi fled to Santa Maria del Suamca where Keller was located. The latter place was not attacked.

After much parleying, peace was brought about by Governor Parilla, but an acrimonious quarrel ensued between Parilla and the Jesuits, as to who was to blame for the uprising. Finally, after five or six years, the missionaries were entirely exonerated of charges of cruel treatment of the Indians and of not giving them enough to eat. "However, the province never recovered from the shock of the Pima uprising, and the last years of the Jesuits in Pimeria Alta were not prosperous ones." (Mills, 1932, 9-81.)

Some time after the Pima revolt Sedelmair made his last entrada to the Gila River and the Colorado River, going by way of the Santa Cruz River. (Mills, 1932, 82)

Francisco Paver was at San Xavier del Bac until 1762, when he went to San Ignacio to succeed Father Steiger, who died in April. Magdalena and Imuris were two visitas of San Ignacio.

Miguel Gerstner was still at Saric, having oversight also of the visitas of Busanic, Aquimuri, and Arizona, and Barrera was at Suamca.

Ildefonso Espinosa was now the missionary at San Xavier del Bac and its visita Tucson. Father Espinosa had a larger congregation than any other mission in Pimeria Alta. At Tubutama was the Father Rector Luis Vivas. Santa Teresa was one of its visitas. Vivas also had taken charge of the mission at Ati since the death of Joseph Hafenrichter. Uquitoa was the visita.

Caborcas and its visitas, Pitic and Bisani were administered by Father Antonio Maria Venz. Custodio Ximeno succeeded Venz at Coborca sometime after 1762. (Guiteras, 1894, 223-226.)

The Rudo Ensayo says that Pfefferkorn was still at Guebavi. (Guitteras, 1894, 223.) Although Shea, 1886, I, 532, cites Pfefferkorns own book as stating that he was transferred to Cucurpe in 1757. This may have been a missprint for 1767. I could not get hold of a copy of Pfefferkorn's book to check it.)

The Sobaipuris of the San Pedro Valley, although warlike, had tired of constantly opposing the Apache attacks and had abandoned their rancherias, some retiring to Suamca and other to Bac. (Guiteras, 1894, 192.)

In Sonora there were 29 missions, 73 towns, and several ranches of Christian Indians. There were eight missions in Pimeria Alta.

Dolores was abandoned before 1762 because of "the insalubrity of the climate, causing great mortality among the natives." Remedios was abandoned for the same reason, the natives moving to Cocospera. There was a small Spanish settlement at Dolores.

Soon after the Pima uprising, Sonoita was destroyed by its own inhabitants. At the same time the following places were also depopulated: Aribaca, Tucubaba, Ocuca and Sopori. (Guiteras, 1894, 231.)

Aside from naming numerous Indian rancherias as having been abandoned because of Seris or Apache inroad and other caused, the Rudo Ensayo mentions many abandoned mining towns, Spanish ranches, and other settlements which would lead one to believe that during the 4th decdade of the 18th century there was a considerable Spanish population in Pimeria Alta, bought there to mine and to raise cattle.

Juan Bautista de Anza was commander of the Presidio of Tubac with a population of 500. The church established here was called Santa Gertrudis del Tubac.

There were 1250 mission Indians in the Santa Cruz Valley.

Most of the mining towns, the ranchos and other Spanish settlements had been depopulated and destroyed by Apache raids. (Guiteras, 1894, 241-257)

Four Presidios in Pimeria Alta: (1) Fronteras or Santa Rosa Corodeguachi, the only garrison in upper Sonora from 1690 to 1740; (2) Terrenate erected in 1742 against the Apaches; (3) Tubac, established in 1752, (it was a visita of Guebavi but in 1762 the natives lived at Tumacacori. All the following ranches in the vicinity were deserted: Sopori, Tucubavi, Aribaca. Thirty leagues south was the abandoned mining settlement of Bolas de Plancha.); (4) Altar was established in 1753 and 1754 on account of the Pima uprising. (Guiteras, 1894, 251-257.)

In the province of Sonora:

(Guiteras, 1894, 257.)

Serious consideration was being given to devise means by which the Indians could be held on the land. (Aguirre, in Doc. Hist. Mex., ser. 4, Vol., I, 127-9; Pineda in same, 136-8)

Father Barrera was the last Jesuit at Suamca; Custodio Ximeno, at Guebavi; Anthony Castro, at San Xavier del Bac. (Shea, 1886, I, 532.)

Pfefferkorn had been transferred from Guebavi to Cucurpe after 1763. According to Englehardt (p. 29), Ximeno was at Guebavi in 1764 and Pedro Rafael Diez was the last Jesuit there in 1767.

The Jesuit missions of Sonora and California were put in charge of overseers. Meanwhile the Apache raids increased so that no settlements could be made at the mines or at rancho locations.

The 200 or so Spaniards that had been located at Guebavi, Santa Barbara, and Buena Vista had to leave the country because of Apache incursions.