There have been many American expeditions beyond the lower forty-eight states. For most of these see Goetzmann, New Lands, New Men, op. cit., also see Goetzmann and Williams, Atlas of North American Exploration, op. cit., Part I.

For Alaskan exploration see Raymond Fisher, Bering's Voyages, Whither and Why?, U. of Washington, Seattle, WA, 1977, James B. Masterson and Helen Brower, Bering's Successors, 1745-1795, London, 1984, Hector Chevigny, Russian America: The Great Alaskan Venture, 1741-1867, Viking Press, NY, 1965, repr., Binford & Mort, 1998, B. Dmytryshyn, ed., Thomas Vaughan and E.A. Crownhart-Vaughan, trans., To Siberia and Russian America: Three Centuries of Russian Eastward Expansion, 1558-1867, 3 vols., Oregon Historical Society, Portland, OR, 1988, James R. Gibson, Imperial Russia in Frontier America, NY, 1976, Stewart Tompkins, Alaska: Promyshlniick and Sourdough, Univ. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1945.

Accounts of American expeditions are as follows. Morgan B. Sherwood, The Exploration of Alaska, 1865-1900, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1965., Henry T. Allen, Report of an Expedition to the Copper, Tenana and Koyukuk Rivers in the Territory of Alaska in the Year 1885, GPO, Washington, D.C., 1887. Frederick Schwatka, Along Alaska's Great River, London, 1883 and Schwatka, Compilation of Narratives of Exploration in Alaska, GPO, Washington, D.C., 1900, Melody Webb, Yukon, The Last Frontier, U. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 1993, Pierre Berton, Klondike Fever, Knopf, NY, 1958, repr., 1984, William H. Goetzmann and Kay Sloan, The Harriman Expedition to Alaska, 1899, Viking Press, NY, 1982, repr., Princeton, NJ, 1983, Allen A. Wright, Prelude to the Bonanza: The Discovery and Exploration of the Yukon, Sidney Gray's Pub., Victoria, Canada, 1976, John Edwards Casswell, Artic Frontiers: United States Expeditions in the Far North, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1956, Antoinette Shalkop, ed., Exploration in Alaska: Captain Cook Commemorative Lectures, June-November 1978, U. of Alaska Press, Anchorage, AK, 1980., Josiah Edward Spurr, Through the Yukon Gold Diggings: a Narrative of Personal Travel, Eastern Publishing, Boston, MA,1900, and Spurr, The Exploration of the Kuskoquim River and the Valley of the Ten Thousand Smokes, privately printed, Boston, MA, c. 1900. And Report of the Cruise of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Bear and the Overland Expedition, Nov. 27, 1897 to Sept. 13, 1898, GPO, Washington D.C., 1899.

Introduction || Part 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 || Conclusion