See Goetzmann and Williams, The Atlas of North American Exploration, cited above. Two series are important, Ruben Gold Thwaites, Early Western Travels, cited above, and the March of American Facsimile Series, Ann Arbor, Michigan, University Microfilm, 1966 that includes most of the early classical explorers' original accounts.

For the discoveries of present day United States see Samuel Eliot Morrison, The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, Oxford Press, NY, 1971, The Southern Voyages, 1492-1616, NY, Oxford, 1974, and a one-volume version, Samuel Eliot Morison, The Great Explorers: The European Discovery of America, NY,Oxford , 1978, repr. 1986. See Charles Boxer, The Dutch Seaborne Empire, 1600-1800, NY, Knopf, 1965, repr., Penguin, 1992, for New York Exploration. For the English point of view, see David Beers Quinn, England and the Discovery of America, 1481-1620, NY, Random House, 1974. Also see W.P. Cummings R.A. Skelton and D.B. Quinn, The Discovery of North America, NY, American Heritage, 1972, and Cummings, S. Hillier, D.B. Quinn and G. Williams, ed., The Exploration of North America, 1630-1776, Putnam, NY, 1974. Also see James A. Williamson, The Age of Drake, London, A. & C. Black, 1938, repr., 1965, Samuel Bawlf, The Secret Voyage of Sir Francis Drake, 1577-1580, Walker & Co., NY, 2003. This book has new information on Drake's exploration of the American Northwest Coast. And Philip Barbour, The Three Worlds of Captain John Smith, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, 1964. For the Viking question, Gwyn Jones, The Norse Atlantic Saga, OxfordUniv. Press, NY reprint 1986 and Farley Mowat, Westviking, McClelland & Stewart, Toronto, reprint 1973 are the two major works. The two authors do not agree. Jones is more scholarly, Mowat more imaginative and analytical. Lawrence Wroth, The Voyages of Giovanni da Verrazzano, 1524-1528,Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1970 is the story of an Italian explorer who discovered the Hudson River. For Spain, see Herbert E. Bolton, Spanish Exploration in the Southwest, 1542-1706, Scribner, NY, 1916, repr. Barnes & Noble, 1995, and his Coronado, Knight of Pueblo and Plains, Univ. NM Press, Albuquerque, NM, 1964 and John and Jeannette Varner, trans. and eds., Garcilaso de la Vega, The Florida of the Inca: The Fabulous De Soto Story, Univ. TX. Press, Austin, TX, 1962. This beautiful volume should be supplemented by John R. Swanton, ed., Final Report of the United States De Soto Expedition Commission, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 1985. Also see Alfred B. Thomas, trans. and ed., After Coronado: Spanish Exploration Northeast of New Mexico, 1696-1727, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1935, and David Weber, The Spanish Frontier in North America, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1992, Frederick Webb Hodge and T.H. Lewis, eds., Spanish Exploration in the Interior of North America, repr., University of Texas Press, Denis Reinhartz and Gerald Saxon, The Mapping of the Explorers into the Greater Southwest, Texas A&M Press, College Station, TX, 1987, and Edward Bourne, Spain in America, 1450-1580, Harper & Bros., NY, 1904, repr. Barnes & Noble, NY, 1962, William C. Foster, Spanish Expeditions into Texas, 1689-1768, Univ. of Texas Press, Austin, TX, 1995, and Warren Cook, Floodtide of Empire: Spanish Voyages to the Northwest Coast, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1973. A good recent overview of the discovery period is John Logan Allen, ed., A New World Disclosed, Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 1997 (see above, Vol. I).

Some firsthand accounts of Spanish explorers are also essential. Pedro de Castañeda, The Journey of Coronado, repr., Dover, San Francisco, 1990, Bolton, Pageant in the Wilderness: The Story of Escalante's Expedition to the Interior Basin, 1776, Univ. of Utah,Salt Lake City, Utah, 1950, Bolton, ed. And trans., Anza's California Expeditions, 5 vols., Russell&Russell, NY, 1966, Richard Pouvade, Anza Conquers the Desert: The Anza Expedition from Mexico to California and the Founding of San Franscisco, 1774-1776, Copley Publications, San Diego, CA, 1971, and Cyclone Covey, ed. And trans., Cabeza de Vaca's Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America, Univ. of NM Press, Albuquerque, NM, 1993.

French explorers in the United States are discussed in Timothy Severin, Explorers of the Mississippi, repr. U. of Minnesota Press, 2002, and Abraham Nasatir, Before Lewis and Clark, Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 1990. Also John A. Caraso, The Mississipi Valley Frontier: The Age of French Exploration and Settlement, Boss-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1966, Robert S. Weddle, ed., La Salle, The Mississippi and the Gulf,Three Documents, Texas A&M Press, College Station, TX, 1987, and Lawrence J. Burpee, ed., Journals and Letters of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes de la Verendrye and His Sons, Champlain Society, Toronto, 1927, Elizabeth John, Storms Brewed in Other Men's Worlds, Texas A&M Press, College Station, TX, 1975, repr., Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 1981. Robert S. Weddle, The French Thorn: Rival Explorers in the Spanish Sea, 1682-1762, Texas A&M Press, College Station, TX, 1991. Also see Robert S. Weddle, Spanish Sea, the Gulf of Mexico in North American Discovery, 1500-1685, Texas A&M Press, College Station, TX, 1985, and Robert S. Weddle, Changing Tides, 1763-1803, Texas A&M Press, College Station, TX, 1995.

See Goetzmann, New Lands, New Men, op cit., John B. Brebner, The Explorers of North America, A&C Black, London, 1933 and repr., AMS Press, 2003, Bernard De Voto, The Course of Empire, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, 1952, repr., U. Nebraska, 1983, Clarence Alvord and Lee Bidgood, The First Explorations of the Trans-Allegheney Region, 1650-1674, Arthur H. Clark, Cleveland, 1912. Two books on naturalist explorers are Joseph Kastner, A Species of Eternity, Knopf, NY, 1977 and John Moring, Early American Naturalists: Exploring the American West, 1804-1900, Cooper Square, NY, 2002. An extremely important book is Frederick W. Howay, ed., The Voyages of the "Columbia" to the Northwest Coast, 1787-1790, and 1790 to 1793, MHS, Boston, MA, 1941, Repr. OHS, Portland, OR, 1990. The Discovery of the Columbia River relates to Robin Fisher, Vancouver's Voyage: Charting the Northwest Coast, 1791-1795, U. of Washington Press, Seattle, WA, , 1992, and W.K. Lamb, ed., The Voyage of George Vancouver, 1791-96, Hakluyt Society, London, 1984, James R. Gibson, Otter Skins, Boston Ships and China Goods: The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest Coast, 1785-1841, U. of Washington Press, Seattle, WA, 1992, repr., 1999. Also see Richard Glover, ed., David Thomson's Narrative, Champlain Society, Toronto, Canada, 1916, repr., 1962. Thwaites, op. cit., John Logan Allen, A Continent Defined, U. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 1999, op. cit. This book is especially good in its coverage of early American explorers. Also see Paul A. Wallace, Thirty Thousand Miles with John Haeckewelder, U. of Pittsburg, PA, 1958, repr., Wennawoods Pub., Lewisburg, PA, 1998, chronicles an unusual explorer, as does Wallace's biography of Conrad Weiser, the prototype of Daniel Boone, Conrad Weiser 1696-1760. Friend of Colonist and Mohawk, U. of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1945, repr. Wennawoods Pub., 1996. The adventures of other Mississippi explorers include W.P. Cumming, ed., The Discoveries of John Lederer, U. of Virginia Press, Charlottesville, 1958, and Christopher Gist, Journals, William M. Darlington, ed., U. of Pittsburgh, 1983 and Albert T. Volwiler, George Croghan and the Westward Movement, 1741-1782, Arthur H. Clark, Cleveland, OH,1926, and repr., AMS, NY, 1971, and Kenneth Bailey, Christopher Gist: Colonial Frontiersman, Explorer and Indian Agent, Archon Books, Hamden, CT, 1976. Lewis Thomas, Jefferson and the Opening of the American West, NY, 1996 backgrounds the vast literature on Lewis and Clark. The first account of the Lewis and Clark expedition is Patrick Gass, Journal of the Voyages and Travels of a Corps of Discovery, Printed by Zadock Cramer, for David M'Keehan, Pittsburgh, 1807, repr. 1958, Carol L. MacGregoror, ed., The Journals of Patrick Gass, Mountain Press, Missoula, MT, 1997. The first official account, written by Nicholas Biddle and edited by Paul Allen, was History of the Expedition Under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark, Bradford & Inskeep, Philadelphia, PA, 1814. Among the many reprints of their journals are Frank Bergon, ed., The Journals of Lewis and Clark, Pb. Penguin, NY, 2003, Bernard De Voto's Journals of Lewis and Clark (Abridged), Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, 1953, and Ruben Gold Thwaites, ed., Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, repr. Arno, NY, 1969. The authoritative text is Gary Moulton, The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. 13 vols., Atlas, U. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 1971-1986. Also available are Donald Jackson, ed., Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition With Related Documents and Notes, 2 vols., U. of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL, 1978, and James J. Holmberg, ed., Dear Brother: Letters of William Clark to Jonathan Clark, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 2002. The three best books on Lewis and Clark are John Logan Allen, Passage Through the Garden: Lewis and Clark and the Image of the American Northwest, U. of Illinois, Urbana, IL,1975, James Ronda, Lewis and Clark Among the Indians, U. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 1984, and Stephen E. Ambrose, Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West, NY, 1996, repr. 1997. For an unusual explorer, see Maria Audubon, JohnWoodhouse Audubon, Audubon's Western Journal, 1849-50, U. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1984 and John Bartram, Lewis Evans and Conrad Weiser, A Journey From Pennsylvania to Onandaga in 1743, The Imprint Society, Barre, MA, 1973. Maria Audubon, Audubon's Journals, 2 vols., Dover, NY, 1897, repr., 1986, Christopher Irmscher, ed., John James Audubon's Writing and Drawings, Library of America, NY, 1999. John Francis McDermott, Audubon in the West, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1965. The best Audubon biography is Shirley Streshinsky, Audubon, Life and Art in the American Wilderness, Villard Books, NY, 1993. The definitive work on the exploration of the trans-Missippi West is William H. Goetzmann, Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the American West, NY, 1966, repr, Texas State Historical Association, Austin, TX, 2000. Also see Goetzmann, Army Exploration in the American West, 1803-1863, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1959, repr., Texas State Historical Association, Austin, TX, 1991 and Goetzmann, New Lands, New Men, op. cit.

Among the military expeditions are those of Zebulon Pike and Major Stephen H. Long. Pike's Account of Expeditions to the Sources of the Mississippi and Through the Western Parts of Louisiana to the Sources of the Arkansaw, Kansas, La Platte and Pierre Juan Rivers… During the Years 1805, 1806 and 1807, and a tour through the Interior Parts of New Spain, When Conducted through those Provinces, was published in Philadelphia in 1810 before Biddle and Allen's History of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. For a modern reprint see Donald Jackson, ed., The Journals of Zebulon Montgomery Pike With Letters and Related Documents, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1966. A paperback edition with Pike's maps is Elliott Coues, The Expeditions of Zebulon Montygomery Pike, 2 vols., Dover, NY, 1987. See also Dan Flores, ed., Jefferson and Southwestern Exploration, the Freeman and Curtis Accounts of the Red River Expedition of 1806, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman OK, 1984. Major Stephen H. Long's expeditions were written up in the following: Edwin James, Account of an Expedition From Pittsburg to the Rocky Mountains, Performed in the Years 1819 and '20, 2 vols, Atlas, Philadelphia, 1822, 1823., repr. Maxine Benson, ed., From Pittsburg to the Rocky Mountains….. abridged, Fulcrum Press, Golden, CO, 1988, Lucile M. Kane, June D. Holmquist and Carolyn Gilman, eds., The Northern Expeditions of Stephen H. Long, the Journals of 1817 and 1823, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul, MN, 1978, and Roger Nichols and Patrick L. Halley, Stephen H. Long and American Frontier Exploration, U. of Delaware Press, Newark, DE., 1980.

For much of the early 19^th Century American exploration was conducted by the fur hunters or Rocky Mountain men and the U.S. Army Topographical Engineers. For the mountain men, see Goetzmann, Exploration and Empire, op. cit., Goetzmann, The Mountain Man, NY, 1978 and Exploring the American West, 1803-1879, Handbook, 116, National Park Service Washington, D.C., 1982. Also see Robert Utley, A Life Wild and Perilous: Mountain Men and the Paths to the Pacific, Holt & Co., NY, 1997, Paul C. Phillips, The Fur Trade, 2 vols., U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1961 and an old standby, Hiram Chittenden, A History of the Fur Trade of the Far West, 2 vols., repr. Stanford U., Palo Alto, CA, 1954. An indispensable work is Henry R. Wagner, Charles Camp and Robert Becker, The Plains and the Rockies: A Critical Biography of Exploration, Adventure, and Travel in the American West, 1800-1865, John Howell Books, San Francisco, 1982. Also see Dale L. Morgan, ed., The West of William Ashley, Old West Publications, Denver, CO, 1964, Morgan, Jedediah Smith and the Opening of the West, repr. U. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 1964, Leroy Hafen, Ed., Biographies of the Mountain Men, 12 vols., Arthur Clark, Glendale, CA, 2965-72, Gloria G. Cline, Exploring the Great Basin, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1963, James Ronda, Astoria and Empire, U. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 1990, Philip Ashton Rollins, ed., The Discovery of the Oregon Trail: Robert Stuart's Narratives of His Overland Trip Eastward from Astoria in 1812-13, Charles Scribner's Sons, NY, 1935. Bernard De Voto, Across the Wide Missouri, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, 1947, repr., 1987, Richard Oglesby, Manuel Lisa and the Opening of the Missouri Fur Trade, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1963, Cline, op. cit., Peter Skene Ogden and the Hudson's Bay Company, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1974, Zenas Leonard, Adventures of a Mountain Man, repr. U. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 1978, Leroy Hafen, Broken Hand, the Life of Thomas Fitzpatrick, Mountain Man, repr. Lincoln, NE, Burton Harris, John Colter, His Years in the Rockies, U. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, repr. 1993, The Personal Narrative of James Ohio Pattie, U. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, repr. 1984, Richard M. Clokey, William H. Ashley, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1980, Charles L. Camp, ed., James Clyman, Frontiersman, Champoeg Press, Portland, OR, 1960. Also see repr., Missoula, MT, 1984. David Coyner, The Lost Trappers, Hurst, NY, 1847, repr. David Weber, ed., Albuquerque, NM, 1995, Robert Nitske trans. and Savoie Lottenville, ed., Paul Wilhelm, Duke of Württemberg, Travels in North America, 1822-1824, repr. U. Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1973. A must see is Maximilian, Prinz zu Weid, Travels in the Interior of North America During the Years 1832-1834, Koln, Germany, repr. 2001. The same narrative is in Thwaites', op.cit., He followed the artist George Catlin. See George Catlin, Letters and Notes on the Manners, Customs and Condition of the North American Indians, 2 vols., Tosswill & Myers, NY, 1841, repr., Dover, NY, 1989. Also see Brian W. Dippie, Catlin and his Contemporaries, U. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 1990. Prince Maximilian went up the Missouri to the Mandan villages with Karl Bodmer, the artist who painted the best Indian scenes and portraits of all time. Also see William H. Goetzmann, Introduction, David Hunt, M. Gallagher and William Orr., Karl Bodmer's America, Joslyn Art Museum and U. of Nebraska Press, Omaha, NE, 1984. This beautiful book reproducing Bodmer's stunning watercolors was conceived, titled and focused by William H. Goetzmann, Hunt and Gallagher (Enron's "authors") wrote the captions, Orr wrote an important biography of Bodmer. Another beautiful work on Maximilian and Bodmer is David Thomas and Karen Ronnefeldt, eds., People of the First Man, E.P. Dutton, NY, 1976. Another explorer artist was Alfred Jacob Miller. See Marvin C. Ross, The West of Alfred Jacob Miller, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1968 and Mae Reed Porter, Odessa Davenport, Scotsman in Buckskin, Sir William Drummond Stewart and the Rocky Mountain Fur Trade, Hastings NY, 1963. Max Moorhead, ed., Josiah Gregg, Commerce of the Prairies, 2 vols., U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1954, repr. Lippincott, Wiley & Putnam, Philadelphia, PA,1962. Maurice G. Fulton, ed., Diary and Letters of Joseph Greggs, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1941, Bil Gilbert, Westering Man, the Life of Joseph Walker, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1985, E.A. Rich, Peter Skene Ogden's Snake Country Journals, 1824-25 and 1825-26, Hudson's Bay Reprint Series, London, 1950, J. Cecil Alter, Jim Bridger, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1982, and David Weber, The Taos Trappers, the Fur Trade in the Far Southwest, 1540-1846, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1982.

After Lewis and Clark, Pike and Long, the military played an even more important part in mid-19^th Century exploration—chiefly in the West. The place to begin is William H. Goetzmann, Army Exploration in the American West, 1803-1863, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1959, with new intro repr. TSHA, Austin, TX, 1991. Also see Edward S. Wallace, The Great Reconnaissance, Soldiers, Artists and Scientists on the Frontier, 1848-1861, Little Brown, Boston, MA, 1855. Also note Adelaide Hasse, Bibliography, op. cit. in Part I. All of the military expeditions are reported in the House and Senate Serial series. Only a selection of these can be included here. Perhaps the most important of these are John C. Frémont, Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year 1842 and to Oregon and North California in the Years, 1843-44, 28^th Cong, 2^nd Sess, Senate Exec Doc 74, Serial 461. This was the most widely reprinted report of its time, and helped to start the Oregon Trail stampede, as well as the Mormon move west. See also Donald Jackson and Mary Lee Spence, eds., The Expeditions of John Charles Frémont, 3 vols., and map portfolio, U. of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1970. William Brandon, The Men and the Mountain: Frémont's Fourth Expedition, Putnams, NY, 1955, Solomon Carvalho, Incidents of Travel and Adventure in the Far West, with Col. Frémont's Last Expedition Across the Rocky Mountains…, Derby and Jackson, NY, 1856. LeRoy Hafen and Ann Hafen, eds., Frémont's Fourth Expedition: Documentary Account of the Disaster of 1848-1849 with Diaries, Letters and Reports by the Participants in the Tragedy, Clark, Glendale, CA, 1960,Randolph Barnes Marcy, Exploration of the Red River of Louisiana, 32^nd Cong., 2^nd Session, Sen. Doc. 54, Serial 666, Washington, 1853. Perhaps the most extensive army exploration in the West were A.A. Humphreys and G.K. Warren, Reports of Explorations and Surveys to Ascertain the Most Practicable and Economical Route For a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, 1853-56, 12 vols., in 13, final atlas vol. Washington, 1853-1861. Another important government publication is William H. Emory, Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, 3 vols., 34^th Cong. 1^st Sess. H. Exec. Doc. 135, Serial 861-63, Washington, D.C., 1857-59, and repr. William H. Goetzmann, ed, 3 vols., TSHA, Austin, TX, 1997. But be sure to see John Russell Bartlett, Personal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora and Chihuahua, Connected With the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission During the Years 1850, '51, '52 and '53,, 2 vols., Appleton, NY, 1854, repr., 2 vols., Rio Grande Press, Chicago, IL, 1965. Also see Dawn Hall, ed., Drawing the Borderline: Artist-Explorers and the U.S.-Mexico Boundary Survey, The Albuerque Museum, Albuquerque, NM, 1996, P.B.

Another series is Charles Wilkes, Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition During the Years, 1838-1842, 5 vols., C. Sherman, Philadelphia, 1845. See especially vol. IV for exploration of Hawaii and the Pacific Coast overland from the Straits of Juan de Fuca to San Francisco. This was an important expedition in re: the Oregon boundary question. A splendid secondary account is William Stanton, The Great United States Exploring Expedition of 1838-1842, U. Cal. Press, Berkeley, CA, 1975, and also see Herman Viola and Carolyn Margolis, eds., Magnificent Voyagers, The U.S. Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842, Smithsonian Press, Washington, D.C., 1985, and Herman J. Viola, Exploring the West, Smithsonian Press, Washington, D.C., 1987. For further bibliographical data see Daniel C. Haskell, The United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842 and its Publications, 1844-1874, 1942, repr. NY, 1968. Another important work is Edgely Todd, ed., The Adventures of Captain Bonneville, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1952. An account of the first exploration of the Grand Canyon is Joseph Christmas Ives, Report Upon the Colorado River of the West, 36 Cong., 1^st Sess., H.Doc. 90, 1861, repr. Da Capo Press, NY, 1969ed. Kevin C. McKinney, Denver, 2002, CD ROM, and Ben Huseman, Wild River, Timeless Canyons [early paintings of the Grand Canyon from the Lt. Joseph Christmas Ives expedition], U. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1995. Howard Stansbury, Exploration and Survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, U.S. Senate, Special Sess., March 1851, Ex. Doc. 3, Phila.. PA, 1852, repr., Brigham D. Madson, ed., Exploring the great Salt Lake: The Stansbury Expedition of 1849-1850, Brigham Young Univ. Press, Salt Lake City, UT, 1988. Ralph P. Bieber, ed., Exploring Southwestern Trails, 1846-1854, Clark, Glendale, CA, 1938, William H. Emory, Notes of a Military Reconnaissance, from Fort Leavenworth in Missouri to San Diego in California, Including Part of the Arkansas, Del Norte, and Gila Rivers, 30 Cong., 1^st Sess., H. Exec. Doc, No. 41, Washington, D.C., 1848. For repr. Ross Calvin, ed., Lieutenant Emory Reports: A Reprint of Lieutenant W.H. Emory's Notes of a Military Reconnaissance, U. of NM Press, Albuquerque, NM, 1951. Grant Foreman, ed., Randolph Barnes Marcy, Adventure on the Red River, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1937. William Lewis Manley, Death Valley in '49, Pacific Vine and Tree Co., San Jose, CA, 1894, repr. The Narrative Press, Santa Barbara, CA, 2001, Capt. John N. Macomb, Report of an Exploring Expedition From Santa Fe, New Mexico to the Junction of the Grand and Green Rivers of the Great Colorado of the West, GPO, Washington, D.C., 1876. Leroy Hafen and Anne Hafen eds., Gwin Harris Heap, Central Route to the Pacific with Related Material on Railroad Explorations and Indian Affairs by Edward F. Beale, Thomas Hart Benton, Kit Carson and Col. E.A. Hitchcock….1854, repr. Clark, Glendale CA,. 1957. Robert Hine, Bartlett's West: Drawing the Mexican Boundary, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1968., W. Eugene Hollon, Beyond the Cross Timbers and the Travels of Randolph B. Marcy, 1812-1887, U. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1855. Colonel Randolph B. Marcy, Thirty Years of Army Life on the Border, Harper Bros., NY, 1866, repr. Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA, 1963., William Turrentine Jackson, Wagon Roads West….1846-1869, U. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 1979., Frank McNitt, ed., Navajo Expedition: Journal of Military Reconnaissance from Santa Fe, New Mexico to the Navajo Country Made in 1849 by Lt. James H. Simpson, Norman, OK, 1964., William F. Raynolds, Report on the Exploration of the Yellowstone and the Country Drained By That River, 40^th Cong., 2^nd Sess., Sen. Doc. 77, 1868. Henry R. Schoolcraft, Narrative Journal of Travels… from Detroit… to the Sources of the Mississippi River, Albany, NY, 1821., Captain Lorenzo Sitgreaves, Report of an Expedition Down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers, 32^nd Cong., 2^nd Sess., Sen. Doc. 59, 1853. George Stewart, The California Trail, NY, 1962., Gouveneur K. Warren, Memoir to Accompany the Map of the Territory of the Unived States from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean…., 33^rd Cong., 2^nd Sess., Sen. Doc. 78, 1859., R.S. Williamson Report of a Reconnaissance of a Route Through the Sierra Nevada, by the Upper Sacramento, 3^rd Cong., 1^st Sess., Part II, Sen. Doc. 47, 1838-50., John Work, Fur Brigades to the Buenaventura: John Work's California Expedition, 1832-33, San Francisco, CA, 1945.

Introduction || Part 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 || Conclusion