NHL Nomination Form Page 1

Morrow Plots, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois A site is the location of a significant event where the location itself possesses historic, cultural, or archeological value. Here was established the first soil experiment plots by a college in the United States. It has provided data on the effects of crop rotation and fertilization.

Figure 3.

National Register Property and Resource Types

• BUILDING - A building, such as a house, barn, church, hotel, or similar construction, is created principally to shelter any form of human activity. "Building" may also be used to refer to a historically and functionally related unit, such as a courthouse and jail or a house and barn.
Examples: houses, barns, stables, sheds, garages, courthouses, city halls, social halls, commercial buildings, libraries, factories, mills, train depots, stationary mobile homes, hotels, theaters, schools, stores, and churches.

• SITE - A site is the location of a significant event, a prehistoric or historic occupation or activity, or a building or structure, whether standing, ruined, or vanished, where the location itself possesses historic, cultural, or archeological value regardless of the value of any existing structure.
Examples: habitation sites, funerary sites, rock shelters, village sites, hunting and fishing sites, ceremonial sites, petroglyphs, rock carvings, gardens, grounds, battlefields, ruins of historic buildings and structures, campsites, sites of treaty signings, trails, areas of land, shipwrecks, cemeteries, designed landscapes, and natural features, such as springs and rock formations, and land areas having cultural significance.

• STRUCTURE - The term "structure" is used to distinguish from buildings those functional constructions made usually for purposes other than creating human shelter.

Examples: bridges, tunnels, gold dredges, firetowers, canals, turbines, dams, power plants, corncribs, silos, roadways, shot towers, windmills, grain elevators, kilns, mounds, cairns, palisade fortifications, earthworks, railroad grades, systems of roadways and paths, boats and ships, railroad locomotives and cars, telescopes, carousels, bandstands, gazebos, and aircraft.

• OBJECT - The term "object" is used to distinguish from buildings and structures those constructions that are primarily artistic in nature or are relatively small in scale and simply constructed. Although it may be, by nature or design, movable, an object is associated with a specific setting or environment.
Examples: sculpture, monuments, boundary markers, statuary, and fountains.

• DISTRICT - A district possesses a significant concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites, buildings, structures, or objects united historically or aesthetically by plan or physical development.
Examples: college campuses; central business districts; residential areas; commercial areas; large forts; industrial complexes; civic centers; rural villages; canal systems; collections of habitation and limited activity sites; irrigation systems; large farms, ranches, estates, or plantations; transportation networks; and large landscaped parks.

Figure 4.

Rules for Counting Resources

•Count all buildings, structures, sites, and objects located within the property's boundaries that are substantial in size and scale. Do not count minor resources, such as small sheds or grave markers, unless they strongly contribute to the property's historic significance.

• Count a building or structure with attached ancillary structures, covered walkways, and additions as a single unit unless the attachment was originally constructed as a separate building or structure and later connected.

• Count rowhouses individually, even though attached.

• Do not count interiors, facades, or artwork separately from the building or structure of which they are a part.

• Count gardens, parks, vacant lots, or open spaces as "sites" only if they contribute to the significance of the property.

• Count a continuous site as a single unit regardless of its size or complexity.

• Count separate areas of a discontiguous archeological district as separate sites.

• Do not count ruins separately from the site of which they are a part.

• Do not count landscape features, such as fences and paths, separately from the site of which they are a part unless they are particularly important or large in size and scale, such as a statue by a well-known sculptor or an extensive system of irrigation ditches.

If a group of resources, such as backyard sheds in a residential district, was not identified during a site inspection and cannot be included in the count, state that this is the case and explain why in the narrative for section 7.

For additional guidance, contact the SHPO. For the address and phone number of the appropriate SHPO, contact the National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers, 444 N. Capital Street, NW, Suite 342, Washington, DC 20001-1512 or visit the following Web site http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/shpolist.htm

Figure 5.

Guidelines for Entering Functions

GENERAL
• Enter the most specific category and subcategory. For example, "EDUCATION/education-related housing" rather than "DOMESTIC/institutional housing" for a college dormitory.

• If no subcategory applies, enter the general category by itself. If, in addition, none of the general categories relates to the property's function, enter "OTHER:" and an appropriate term for the function.

• For properties with many functions, such as a farm, list only the principal or predominant ones, placing the most important first.

• For districts, enter the functions applying to the district as a whole, such as DOMESTIC/village site or EDUCATION/college.

• For districts, also enter the functions of buildings, sites, structures, and objects that are:
1. of outstanding importance to the district, such as a county courthouse in a commercial center (GOVERNMENT/county courthouse) or,
2. present in substantial numbers, such as apartment buildings in a residential district (DOMESTIC/multiple dwelling) or storage pits in a village site (TRADE/trade).

• For districts containing resources having different functions and relatively equal importance, such as a group of public buildings whose functions are GOVERNMENT/city hall, GOVERNMENT/courthouse, and GOVERNMENT/post office.

HISTORIC FUNCTIONS

• Enter functions for contributing resources only.

• Select functions that relate directly to the property's significance and occurred during the period of significance (see Period of Significance).

• Enter functions for extant resources only.

• Enter only functions that can be verified by research, testing, or examination of physical evidence.

• Enter functions related to the property itself, not to the occupation of associated persons or role of associated events. For example, the home of a prominent doctor is "DOMESTIC/single dwelling" not "HEALTH CARE/medical office" unless the office was at home (in which case, list both functions).

CURRENT FUNCTIONS

• Enter functions for both contributing and noncontributing resources.

• For properties undergoing rehabilitation, restoration, or adaptive reuse, enter "WORK IN PROGRESS" in addition to any functions that are current or anticipated upon completion of the work.

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Figure 7.

Data Categories for Architectural Classification

CATEGORY: COLONIAL

Subcategories:

Other Stylistic Terminology:

French Colonial

Spanish Colonial

Dutch Colonial

Postmedieval

Georgian

Subcategories:

Early Classical Revival

Federal

CATEGORY: MID-19TH CENTURY

Subcategories

Greek Revival

Gothic Revival

Italian Villa

Exotic Revival

Octagon Mode

Subcategories:

Gothic

Italianate

Second Empire

Queen Anne

Stick/Eastlake

Shingle Style

Romanesque

Renaissance

Subcategories:

Beaux Arts

Colonial Revival

Classical Revival

Tudor Revival

Late Gothic Revival

Mission/Spanish Colonial Revival

Italian Renaissance

French Renaissance

Pueblo

LATE 19TH & EARLY 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN MOVEMENTS

Subcategories:

Prairie School

Commercial Style

Chicago

Skyscraper

Bungalow/Craftsman

Subcategories:

Modern Movement

Moderne

International Style

Art Deco

CATEGORY: OTHER

Figure 8.

Data Categories for Materials

Earth

Wood

Brick

Stone

Metal

Stucco

Terra cotta

Asphalt

Concrete

Adobe

Ceramic Tile

Glass

Cloth/canvas

Synthetics

Other

Figure 9.

Guidelines for Describing Properties

BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, AND OBJECTS

A. Type or form, such as dwelling, church, or commercial block.

B. Setting, including the placement or arrangement of buildings and other resources, such as in a commercial center or a residential neighborhood or detached or in a row.

C. General characteristics:

1. Overall shape of plan and arrangement of interior spaces.
2. Number of stories.
3. Number of vertical divisions or bays.
4. Construction materials, such as brick, wood, or stone, and wall finish, such as type of bond, coursing, or shingling.
5. Roof shape, such as gabled, hip, or shed.
6. Structural system, such as balloon frame, reinforced concrete, or post and beam.

D. Specific features, by type, location, number, material, and condition:

1. Porches, including verandas, porticos, stoops, and attached sheds.
2. Windows.
3. Doors.
4. Chimney.
5. Dormer.
6. Other.

E. Important decorative elements, such as finials, pilasters, barge boards, brackets, half timbering, sculptural relief, balustrades, corbelling, cartouches, and murals or mosaics.

F. Significant interior features, such as floor plans, stairways, functions of rooms, spatial relationships, wainscoting, flooring, paneling, beams, vaulting, architraves, moldings, and chimneypieces .

G. Number, type, and location of outbuildings, with dates, if known.

H. Other manmade elements, including roadways, contemporary structures, and landscape features.

I. Alterations or changes to the property, with dates, if known. A restoration is considered an alteration even if an attempt has been made to restore the property to its historic form (see L below). If there have been numerous alterations to a significant interior, also submit a sketch of the floor plan illustrating and dating the changes.

J. Deterioration due to vandalism, neglect, lack of use, or weather, and the effect it has had on the property's historic integrity.

K. For moved properties:

1. Date of move.
2. Descriptions of location, orientation, and setting historically and after the move.
3. Reasons for the move.
4. Method of moving.
5. Effect of the move and the new location on the historic integrity of the property.

L. For restored and reconstructed buildings:

1. Date of restoration or reconstruction.
2. Historical basis for the work.
3. Amount of remaining historic material and replacement material.
4. Effect of the work on the property's historic integrity.
5. For reconstructions, whether the work was done as part of a master plan.

M. For properties where landscape or open space adds to the significance or setting of the property, such as rural properties, college campuses, or the grounds of public buildings:

1. Historic appearance and current condition of natural features.
2. Land uses, landscape features, and vegetation that characterized the property during the period of significance, including gardens, walls, paths, roadways, grading, fountains, orchards, fields, forests, rock formations, open space, and bodies of water.

N. For industrial properties where equipment and machinery is intact:

1. Types, approximate date, and function of machinery.
2. Relationship of machinery to the historic industrial operations of the property.

ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES

A. Environmental setting of the property today and, if different, its environmental setting during the periods of occupation or use. Emphasize environmental features or factors related to the location, use, formation, or preservation of the site.

B. Period of time when the property is known or projected to have been occupied or used. Include comparisons with similar sites and districts that have assisted in identification.

C. Identity of the persons, ethnic groups, or archeological cultures who, through their activities, created the archeological property. Include comparisons with similar sites and districts that have assisted in identification.

D. Physical characteristics:

1. Site type, such as rockshelter, temporary camp, lithic workshop, rural homestead, or shoe factory.
2. Prehistorically or historically important standing structures, buildings, or ruins.
3. Kinds and approximate number of features, artifacts, and ecofacts, such as hearths, projectile points, and faunal remains.
4. Known or projected depth and extent of archeological deposits.
5. Known or projected dates for the period when the site was occupied or used, with supporting evidence.
6. Vertical and horizontal distribution of features, artifacts, and ecofacts.
7. Natural and cultural processes, such as flooding and refuse disposal, that have influenced the formation of the site.
8. Noncontributing buildings, structures, and objects within the site.

E. Likely appearance of the site during the periods of occupation or use. Include comparisons with similar sites and districts that have assisted in description.

F. Current and past impacts on or immediately around the property, such as modern development, vandalism, road construction, agriculture, soil erosion, or flooding.

G. Previous investigations of the property, including,

1. Archival or literature research.
2. Extent and purpose of any excavation, testing, mapping, or surface collection.
3. Dates of relevant research and field work. Identity of researchers and their institutional or organizational affiliation.
4. Important bibliographic references.
5. Repository or repositories where excavated collections are curated.

HISTORIC SITES

A. Present condition of the site and its setting.

B. Natural features that contributed to the selection of the site for the significant event or activity, such as a spring, body of water, trees, cliffs, or promontories.

C. Other natural features that characterized the site at the time of the significant event or activity, such as vegetation, topography, a body of water, rock formations, or a forest.

D. Any cultural remains or other manmade evidence of the significant event or activities.

E. Type and degree of alterations to natural and cultural features since the significant event or activity, and their impact on the historic integrity of the site.

F. Explanation of how the current physical environment and remains of the site reflect the period and associations for which the site is significant.

ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC DISTRICTS

A. Natural and manmade elements comprising the district, including prominent topographical features and structures, buildings, sites, objects, and other kinds of development.

B. Architectural styles or periods represented and predominant characteristics, such as scale, proportions, materials, color, decoration, workmanship, and quality of design.

C. General physical relationship of buildings to each other and to the environment, including facade lines, street plans, squares, open spaces, density of development, landscaping, principal vegetation, and important natural features. Any changes to these relationships over time. Some of this information may be provided on a sketch map.

D. Appearance of the district during the time when the district achieved significance (see Period of Significance) and any changes or modifications since.

E. General character of the district, such as residential, commercial, or industrial, and the types of buildings and structures, including outbuildings and bridges, found in the district.

F. General condition of buildings, including alterations, additions, and any restoration or rehabilitation activities.

G. Identity of buildings, groups of buildings, or other resources that do and do not contribute to the district's significance. (See Determining Contributing and Noncontributing Resources for definitions of contributing and noncontributing resources.) If resources are classified by terms other than "contributing" and "noncontributing," clearly explain which terms denote contributing resources and which noncontributing. Provide a list of all resources that are contributing or noncontributing or identify them on the sketch map submitted with the form (see Sketch Map).

H. Most important contributing buildings, sites, structures, and objects. Common kinds of other contributing resources.

I. Qualities distinguishing the district from its surroundings.

J. Presence of any archeological resources that may yield important information with any related paleo-environmental data (see guidelines for describing archeological sites and districts).

K. Open spaces such as parks, agricultural areas, wetlands, and forests, including vacant lots or ruins that were the site of activities important in prehistory or history.

L. For industrial districts:

1. Industrial activities and processes, both historic and current, within the district; important natural and geographical features related to these processes or activities, such as waterfalls, quarries, or mines.

2. Original and other historic machinery still in place.

3. Transportation routes within the district, such as canals, railroads, and roads including their approximate length and width and the location of terminal points.

M. For rural districts:

1. Geographical and topographical features such as valleys, vistas, mountains, and bodies of water that convey a sense of cohesiveness or give the district its rural or natural characteristics.
2. Examples and types of vernacular, folk, and other architecture, including outbuildings, within the district.
3. Manmade features and relationships making up the historic and contemporary landscape, including the arrangement and character of fields, roads, irrigation systems, fences, bridges, earthworks, and vegetation.
4. The historic appearance and current condition of natural features such as vegetation, principal plant materials, open space, cultivated fields, or forests.

ARCHEOLOGICAL DISTRICTS

A. Environmental setting of the district today and, if different, its environmental setting during the periods of occupation or use. Emphasize environmental features or factors related to the location, use, formation, or preservation of the district.

B. Period of time when the district is known or projected to have been occupied or used. Include comparisons with similar sites and districts that have assisted in identification.

C. Identity of the persons, ethnic groups, or archeological cultures who occupied or used the area encompassed by the district. Include comparisons with similar sites and districts that have assisted in identification.

D. Physical characteristics:

1. Type of district, such as an Indian village with outlying sites, a group of quarry sites, or a historic manufacturing complex.
2. Cultural, historic, or other relationships among the sites that make the district a cohesive unit.
3. Kinds and number of sites, structures, buildings, or objects that make up the district.
4. Information on individual or representative sites and resources within the district (see Archeological Sites above). For small districts, describe individual sites. For large districts, describe the most representative sites individually and others in summary or tabular form or collectively as groups.
5. Noncontributing buildings, structures, and objects within the district.

E. Likely appearance of the district during the periods of occupation or use. Include comparisons with similar sites and districts that have assisted in description.

F. Current and past impacts on or immediately around the district, such as modern development, vandalism, road construction, agriculture, soil erosion, or flooding. Describe the integrity of the district as a whole and, in written or tabular form, the integrity of individual sites.

G. Previous investigations of the property, including:

1. Archival or literature research.
2. Extent and purpose of any excavation, testing, mapping, or surface collection.
3. Dates of relevant research and field work. Identity of researchers and their institutional or organizational affiliation.
4. Important bibliographic references.
5. Repository or repositories where excavated collections are curated.

 

NHL Nomination Form page 6

Figure 10.

Data Categories for Areas of Significance

CATEGORY: ARCHITECTURE

Subcategory

Prehistoric

Historic-Aboriginal

Historic-Non-Aboriginal

CATEGORY: ART

Subcategory

Asian

Black

European

Hispanic

Native American

Pacific Islander

Other

Figure 11.

Guidelines for Evaluating and Stating Significance

The following questions should be considered when evaluating the significance of a property and developing the statement of significance. Incorporate in the narrative the answers to the questions directly pertaining to the property's historic significance and integrity.

ALL PROPERTIES

A. What events took place on the significant dates indicated on the form, and in what ways are they important to the property?

B. In what ways does the property physically reflect its period of significance, and in what ways does it reflect changes after the period of significance?

C. What is the period of significance based on? Be specific and refer to existing resources or features within the property or important events in the property's history.

BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND OBJECTS

A. If the property is significant for its association with historic events, what are the historically significant events or patterns of activity associated with the property? Does the existing building, object, or structure reflect in a tangible way the important historical associations? How have alterations or additions contributed to or detracted from the resource's ability to convey the feeling and association of the significant historic period?

B. If the property is significant because of its association with an individual, how long and when was the individual associated with the property and during what period in his or her life? What were the individual's significant contributions during the period of association? Are there other resources in the vicinity also having strong associations with the individual? If so, compare their significance and associations to that of the property being documented.

C. If the property is significant for architectural, landscape, aesthetic, or other physical qualities, what are those qualities and why are they significant? Does the property retain enough of its significant design to convey these qualities? If not, how have additions or alterations contributed to or detracted from the significance of the resource?

D. Does the property have possible archeological significance and to what extent has this significance been considered?

E. Does the property possess attributes that could be studied to extract important information? For example: does it contain tools, equipment, furniture, refuse, or other materials that could provide information about the social organization of its occupants, their relations with other persons and groups, or their daily lives? Has the resource been rebuilt or added to in ways that reveal changing concepts of style or beauty?

F. If the property is no longer at its original location, why did the move occur? How does the new location affect the historical and architectural integrity of the property?

HISTORIC SITES

A. How does the property relate to the significant event, occupation, or activity that took place there?

B. How have alterations such as the destruction of original buildings, changes in land use, and changes in foliage or topography affected the integrity of the site and its ability to convey its significant associations? For example, if the forested site of a treaty signing is now a park in a suburban development, the site may have lost much of its historic integrity and may not be eligible for the National Register.

C. In what ways does the event that occurred here reflect the broad patterns of American history and why is it significant?

ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES

A. What is the cultural context in which the property is considered significant? How does the site relate to what is currently known of the region's prehistory or history and similar known sites?

B. What kinds of information can the known data categories yield? What additional kinds of information are expected to be present on the basis of knowledge of similar sites? What similarities permit comparison with other known sites?

C. What is the property's potential for research? What research questions may be addressed at the site? How do these questions relate to the current understanding of the region's archeology? How does the property contribute or have the potential for contributing important information regarding human ecology, cultural history, or cultural process? What evidence, including scholarly investigations, supports the evaluation of significance?

D. How does the integrity of the property affect its significance and potential to yield important information?

E. If the site has been totally excavated, how has the information yielded contributed to the knowledge of American cultures or archeological techniques to the extent that the site is significant for the investigation that occurred there?

F. Does the property possess resources, such as buildings or structures, that in their own right are architecturally or historically significant? If so, how are they significant?

ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC DISTRICTS

A. What are the physical features and characteristics that distinguish the district, including architectural styles, building materials, building types, street patterns, topography, functions and land uses, and spatial organization?

B. What are the origins and key events in the historical development of the district? Are any architects, builders, designers, or planners important to the district's development?

C. Does the district convey a sense of historic and architectural cohesiveness through its design, setting, materials, workmanship, or association?

D. How do the architectural styles or elements within the district contribute to the feeling of time and place? What period or periods of significance are reflected by the district?

E. How have significant individuals or events contributed to the development of the district?

F. How has the district affected the historical development of the community, region, or State? How does the district reflect the history of the community, region, or State?

G. How have intrusions and noncontributing structures and buildings affected the district's ability to convey a sense of significance?

H. What are the qualities that distinguish the district from its surroundings?

I. How does the district compare to other similar areas in the locality, region, or State?

J. If there are any preservation or restoration activities in the district, how do they affect the significance of the district?

K. Does the district contain any resources outside the period of significance that are contributing? If so, identify them and explain their importance.

L. If the district has industrial significance, how do the industrial functions or processes represented relate to the broader industrial or technological development of the locality, region, State or nation? How important were the entrepreneurs, engineers, designers, and planners who contributed to the development of the district? How do the remaining buildings, structures, sites, and objects within the district reflect industrial production or process?

M. If the district is rural, how are the natural and manmade elements of the district linked historically or architecturally, functionally, or by common ethnic or social background? How does the open space constitute or unite significant features of the district?

N. Does the district have any resources of possible archeological significance? If so, how are they likely to yield important information? How do they relate to the prehistory or history of the district?

ARCHEOLOGICAL DISTRICTS

A. What is the cultural context in which the district has been evaluated, including its relationship to what is currently known about the area's prehistory and history and the characteristics giving the district cohesion for study?

B. How do the resources making up the district as a group contribute to the significance of the district?

C. How do the resources making up the district individually or in the representative groupings identified in section 7 contribute to the significance of the district?

D. What is the district's potential for research? What research questions may be addressed at the district? How do these questions relate to the current understanding of the region's archeology? How does the property contribute or have the potential for contributing important information regarding human ecology, cultural history, or cultural process? What evidence, including scholarly investigations, supports the evaluation of significance? Given the existence of material remains with research potential, what is the context that establishes the importance of the recoverable data, taking into account the current state of knowledge in specified topical areas?

E. How does the integrity of the district affect its significance and potential to yield important information?

F. Does the district possess resources, such as buildings or structures, that in their own right are architecturally or historically significant? If so, how are they significant?

Figure 12.

Guidelines for Selecting Boundaries

ALL PROPERTIES

•Carefully select boundaries to encompass, but not to exceed, the full extent of the significant resources and land area making up the property.

• The area to be registered should be large enough to include all historic features of the property, but should not include "buffer zones" or acreage not directly contributing to the significance of the property.

• Leave out peripheral areas of the property that no longer retain integrity, due to subdivision, development, or other changes.

• "Donut holes" are not allowed. No area or resources within a set of boundaries may be excluded from listing in the National Register. Identify nonhistoric resources within the boundaries as noncontributing.

• Use the following features to mark the boundaries:

1. Legally recorded boundary lines.
2. Natural topographic features, such as ridges, valleys, rivers, and forests.
3. Manmade features, such as stone walls; hedgerows; the curblines of highways, streets, and roads; areas of new construction.
4. For large properties, topographic features, contour lines, and section lines marked on USGS maps.

BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND OBJECTS

•Select boundaries that encompass the entire resource, with historic and contemporary additions. Include any surrounding land historically associated with the resource that retains its historic integrity and contributes to the property's historic significance.

• For objects, such as sculpture, and structures, such as ships, boats, and railroad cars and locomotives, the boundaries may be the land or water occupied by the resource without any surroundings.

• For urban and suburban properties that retain their historic boundaries and integrity, use the legally recorded parcel number or lot lines.

• Boundaries for rural properties may be based on:

1. A small parcel drawn to immediately encompass the significant resources, including outbuildings and associated setting, or
2. Acreage, including fields, forests, and open range, that was associated with the property historically and conveys the property's historic setting. (This area must have historic integrity and contribute to the property's historic significance.)

HISTORIC SITES

• For historic sites, select boundaries that encompass the area where the historic events took place. Include only portions of the site retaining historic integrity and documented to have been directly associated with the event.

HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL DISTRICTS

• Select boundaries to encompass the single area of land containing the significant concentration of buildings, sites, structures, or objects making up the district. The district's significance and historic integrity should help determine the boundaries. Consider the following factors:

1. Visual barriers that mark a change in the historic character of the area or that break the continuity of the district, such as new construction, highways, or development of a different character.
2. Visual changes in the character of the area due to different architectural styles, types or periods, or to a decline in the concentration of contributing resources.
3. Boundaries at a specific time in history, such as the original city limits or the legally recorded boundaries of a housing subdivision, estate, or ranch.
4. Clearly differentiated patterns of historical development, such as commercial versus residential or industrial.

• A historic district may contain discontiguous elements only under the following circumstances:

1. When visual continuity is not a factor of historic significance, when resources are geographically separate, and when the intervening space lacks significance: for example, a cemetery located outside a rural village.
2. When manmade resources are interconnected by natural features that are excluded from the National Register listing: for example, a canal system that incorporates natural waterways.
3. When a portion of a district has been separated by intervening development or highway construction and when the separated portion has sufficient significance and integrity to meet the National Register criteria.

ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES AND DISTRICTS

• The selection of boundaries for archeological sites and districts depends primarily on the scale and horizontal extent of the significant features. A regional pattern or assemblage of remains, a location of repeated habitation, a location or a single habitation, or some other distribution of archeological evidence, all imply different spatial scales. Although it is not always possible to determine the boundaries of a site conclusively, a knowledge of local cultural history and related features such as site type can help predict the extent of a site. Consider the property's setting and physical characteristics along with the results of archeological survey to determine the most suitable approach.

• Obtain evidence through one or several of the following techniques:

1. Subsurface testing, including test excavations, core and auger borings, and observation of cut banks.
2. Surface observation of site features and materials that have been uncovered by plowing or other disturbance or that have remained on the surface since deposition.
3 . Observation of topographic or other natural features that may or may not have been present during the period of significance.
4. Observation of land alterations subsequent to site formation that may have affected the integrity of the site.
5. Study of historical or ethnographic documents, such as maps and journals.

• If the techniques listed above cannot be applied, set the boundaries by conservatively estimating the extent and location of the significant features. Thoroughly explain the basis for selecting the boundaries in the boundary justification.

• If a portion of a known site cannot be tested because access to the property has been denied by the owner, the boundaries may be drawn along the legal property lines of the portion that is accessible, provided that portion by itself has sufficient significance to meet the National Register criteria and the full extent of the site is unknown.

• Archeological districts may contain discontiguous elements under the following circumstances:

1. When one or several outlying sites has a direct relationship to the significance of the main portion of the district, through common cultural affiliation or as related elements of a pattern of land use, and
2. When the intervening space does not have known significant resources.

(Geographically separate sites not forming a discontiguous district may be nominated together as individual properties within a multiple property submission.)

Figure 13.

Guidelines for Verbal Boundary Description

• A map drawn to a scale of at least 1" = 200 feet may be used in place of a verbal description. When using a map, note under the heading "verbal boundary description" that the boundaries are indicated on the accompanying base map. The map must clearly indicate the boundaries of the property in relationship to standing structures or natural or manmade features such as rivers, highways, or shorelines. Plat, local planning, or tax maps may be used. Maps must include the scale and a north arrow.

The boundary of Livermore Plantation is shown as the dotted line on the accompanying map entitled "Survey, Livermore Plantation, 1958."

• For large properties whose boundaries correspond to a polygon, section lines, or contour lines on the USGS map, the boundaries marked on the USGS map may be used in place of a verbal boundary description. In this case, simply note under the heading "verbal boundary description" that the boundary line is indicated on the USGS map. If USGS quadrangle maps are not available, provide a map of similar scale and a careful and accurate description including street names, property lines, or geographical features that delineate the perimeter of the boundary.

The boundary of the nominated property is delineated by the polygon whose vertices are marked by the following UTM reference points: A 18 313500 4136270, B 18 312770 4135940, C 18 313040 4136490.

• To describe only a portion of a city lot, use fractions, dimensions, or other means.

The south _ of Lot 36
The eastern 20 feet of Lot 57

• If none of the options listed above are feasible, describe the boundaries in a narrative using street names, property lines, geographical features, and other lines of convenience. Begin by defining a fixed reference point and proceed by describing the perimeter in an orderly sequence, incorporating both dimensions and direction. Draw boundaries that correspond to rights-of-way to one side or the other but not along the centerline.

Beginning at a point on the east bank of the Lazy River and 60' south of the center of Maple Avenue, proceed east 150' along the rear property lines of 212-216 Maple Avenue to the west curbline of Main Street. Then proceed north 150' along the west curbline of Main Street, turning west for 50' along the rear property line of 217 Maple Avenue. Then proceed north 50' to the rear property line of 215 Maple Avenue, turning west for 100' to the east bank of the Lazy River. Then proceed south along the riverbank to the point of origin.

• For rural properties where it is difficult to establish fixed reference points such as highways, roads, legal parcels of land, or tax parcels, refer to the section grid appearing on the USGS map if it corresponds to the actual boundaries.

NW 1/4, SE 1/4, NE 1/4, SW 1/4, Section 28, Township 35, Range 17

• For rural properties less than one acre, the description may be based on the dimensions of the property fixed upon a single point of reference.

The property is a rectangular parcel measuring 50 x 100 feet, whose northwest corner is 15 feet directly northwest of the northwest corner of the foundation of the barn and whose southeast corner is 15 feet directly southeast of the southeast corner of the foundation of the farmhouse.

• For objects and structures, such as sculpture, ships and boats, railroad locomotives or rolling stock, and aircraft, the description may refer to the extent or dimensions of the property and give its location.

The ship at permanent berth at Pier 56. The statue whose boundaries form a circle with a radius of 17.5 feet centered on the statue located in Oak Hill Park.

NHL Nomination Form page 8